Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khalil AM et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2013 | blood samples | micronuclei formation | 2,450 MHz | 10.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波, 2.45 GHz, 職業的, 共ばく露 |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | cognitive function, Hsp70 protein expression and DNA damage in the rat brain | 900 MHz | 0.5853–0.6672 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 180 days | 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Ziemann C et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/B6C3F1/CrlBR, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 902 MHz | 0.14–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/weeks for 2 years (see also add. information for exp. setup) | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Tkalec M et al. | 2013 | 無脊椎動物, earthworm (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>), 全身 | genotoxicity, oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.13–9.33 mW/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on testis and sperms | 1,910.5 MHz | 0.0226–1.34 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Sakuma N et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | DNA damage | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 2 or 24 hours | UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Li L et al. | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | DNA damage | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 2 or 4 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA, FDMA |
Hook GJ et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Molt-4 T (lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage/DNA single-strand breaks, apoptosis | 813.56 MHz | 2.4 mW/kg–3.2 W/kg | continuous for 2, 3 or 21 h | iDEN, CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Malyapa RS et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) and U87MG (human glioblastoma cells) | DNA damage (comet assay) | 835.62 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 2, 4 or 24 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Sannino A et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 900 MHz | 1.25–10 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Sannino A et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 900 MHz | 1.25–10 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | micronucleus formation | 1,950 MHz | 0.15–1.25 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Sannino A et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lymphocytes | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 1,950 MHz | 0.3 W/kg | continuous for 20 hours | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Gurbuz N et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | micronucleus formation | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 20 min./day, 5 days/week during 1 month | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2001 | human blood samples | chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation | 835.62 MHz | 4.4–5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, FDMA, CW 連続波 |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2001 | human blood samples | formation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberration | 847.74 MHz | 4.9–5.5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA |
Scarfi MR et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus formation), cell cycle kinetic | 900 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Stronati L et al. | 2006 | blood samples | chromosome aberrations, comet assay, formation of micronuclei, sister chromatid exchange | 935 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Schwarz C et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES-1, IH-9, HW-2 (human diploid fibroblasts) and lymphocytes | formation of micronuclei | 1,950 MHz | 0.05–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Manti L et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome aberrations | 1.95 GHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, amniotic cells | genomic instability (aneuploidy) | 900 MHz | 4–32 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, PC-12 cells | DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis | 1,950 MHz | 10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
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