Distance between exposed object and exposure source
1 cm
Chamber
plexiglass carousel
Setup
rats were confined in a plexiglass carousel; the antenna of the generator was placed at the center of the plexiglass carousel (1 cm distance to the rat heads); emittedpower of the antenna was omnidirectional on the plane perpendicular to the antenna axis
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Radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in testicular germ cells in swiss albino mice.
Dasdag S et al.
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Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions.
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Effects of long term exposure to a 2G cell phone radiation (900 - 1900 MHz) on mouse testis.
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Effect of electromagnetic irradiation produced by 3G mobile phone on male rat reproductive system in a simulated scenario.
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The effects of electromagnetic waves emitted by the cell phones on the testicular tissue.
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Immunohistopathologic demonstration of deleterious effects on growing rat testes of radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices.
Ghanbari M et al.
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The effects of cell phone waves (900 MHz-GSM band) on sperm parameters and total antioxidant capacity in rats.
Ozlem Nisbet H et al.
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Effects of exposure to electromagnetic field (1.8/0.9 GHz) on testicular function and structure in growing rats.
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An evaluation of the effects of long-term cell phone use on the testes via light and electron microscope analysis.
Lee HJ et al.
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The effects of simultaneous combined exposure to CDMA and WCDMA electromagnetic fields on rat testicular function.
Al-Damegh MA
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Rat testicular impairment induced by electromagnetic radiation from a conventional cellular telephone and the protective effects of the antioxidants vitamins C and E.
Otitoloju AA et al.
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Preliminary study on the induction of sperm head abnormalities in mice, Mus musculus, exposed to radiofrequency radiations from global system for mobile communication base stations.
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The lack of histological changes of CDMA cellular phone-based radio frequency on rat testis.
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Mailankot M et al.
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Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from GSM (0.9/1.8GHz) mobile phones induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats.
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Whole body exposure of rats to microwaves emitted from a cell phone does not affect the testes.
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Effect of chronic low-intensity microwave radiation on sperm count, sperm morphology, and testicular and epididymal tissues of rats.
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Whole-body microwave exposure emitted by cellular phones and testicular function of rats.
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