Mobile phone related articles are
Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al-Serori H et al. | 2017 | intact cell/cell culture, U87 and U251 (human glioblastoma cell lines) | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | UMTS, mobile communications, RF field |
Atasoy A et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture | cell surface antigenic structures, cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis | 450 MHz | - | continuous for 2 hr, 6 hr or 24 hr | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field |
Azadi Oskouyi E et al. | 2015 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand, whole body | - | 850–950 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, FM frequency modulation |
Bedir R et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture | chromatin conformation and 53BP1 foci formation (DNA damage), apoptosis | 50 Hz | 37 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, 50/60 Hz |
Calabro E et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) | 1,760 MHz | 0.086 W/kg | continuous for 2 h and 4 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Canseven AG et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, Raji cells (human Burkitt lymphoma cells) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Cao Y et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture, SHG44 cells (human glioma cells) | oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h/day on 3 days | mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Capri M et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells | effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential; heat shock protein 70) | 1,800 MHz | 1.4–2 W/kg | intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Capri M et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture | mitochondrial functionality, proliferation; cell cycle progression; spontaneous/induced apoptosis | 900 MHz | 70–76 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day during 48 h or 72 h of culture | GSM, mobile communications |
Caraglia M et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, human oropharyngeal epidermoid carcinoma KB cancer cell line (depend from the Ras --> Erk-mediated survival signaling that protect them from apoptotic stimuli) | apoptosis | 1.95 GHz | 3.6 mW/g | continuous for 1, 2 and 3 h or for 48 h | mobile communications, microwaves |
Chavdoula ED et al. | 2010 | invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R | ovarian cell death/DNA fragmentation, reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 6 min./day on 6 days | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM |
Chen C et al. | 2014 | intact cell/cell culture, embryonic neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) | differentiation, cell growth and cell viability of neural stem cells | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 1 to 3 days (5 min field on, 10 min field off) | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Choi J et al. | 2020 | intact cell/cell culture | - | 1.7 GHz | - | - | LTE, mobile communications |
Cig B et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) | apoptosis, cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species | 900 MHz | 0.18–0.58 mW/kg | continuous for 1 hour | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Cranfield CG et al. | 2003 | bacterium, magnetite-containing bacteria (<i>Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum</i>), nonmagnetic bacteria (<i>CC-26 strain of Proteobacteria</i>) | cell mortality | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Dasdag S et al. | 2009 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, partial body: head | apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.17–0.58 W/kg | continuous for 2 hr/day, 7 days/week for 10 months | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, microwaves |
Dogan M et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | brain metabolism, oxidative stress, histopathology and apoptosis in the brain | 1.9 Hz–2.2 GHz | - | every day two times 20 min (1x talking, 1x listening mode) from day 2 to day 21 | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Durdik M et al. | 2019 | intact cell/cell culture, Nabelschnurblut-Zellen | - | 890.2–1,947.4 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, microwaves |
Eghlidospour M et al. | 2017 | intact cell/cell culture, neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM |
El-Swefy S et al. | 2008 | animal, rat/albino | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone base station, co-exposure |
Er H et al. | 2022 | animal, rat/ Wistar albino | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, human breast fibroblasts | cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential | 2.1 GHz | 0.607 W/kg | continuous for 4 or 24 hours | W-CDMA, mobile communications, microwaves |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2017 | intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) | apoptosis and underlying mechanisms of action | 2.1 GHz | 0.528 W/kg | continuous for 4 or 24 hours | W-CDMA, mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves, RF field |
Falzone N et al. | 2010 | human spermatozoa | pro-apoptosis events in human spermatozoa (e.g. enzyme activity of caspases, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA strand breaks and production of reactive oxygen species) | 900 MHz | 2–5.7 W/kg | continuous for 60 min. | mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Fasseas MK et al. | 2015 | invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/N2 (wild type), DR1572, DR26, TK22, CL4176, NL5901, RB864, CL2070 (<i>hsp-16.2</i>), CF1553 (<i>sod-3</i>), SJ4005 (<i>hsp-4</i>), LG333 (<i>skn-1</i>), LD1171 (<i>gcs-1</i>) and CL2166 (<i>gst-4</i>) | effects on fertility, neurodegeneration, short-term memory, chemotaxis, stress, apoptosis, life span and growth of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> | 1,780–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi |
Gevrek F | 2018 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Ghatei N et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/BALB/c (pregnant females and young animal) | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications |
Gläser K et al. | 2016 | intact cell/cell culture, human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) | - | 900–2,535 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, LTE, mobile communications |
Gulati S et al. | 2020 | intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes | - | 1,923–1,977 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, UMTS, mobile phone |
Guler G et al. | 2016 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand White, whole body | - | 1,800 MHz | 18 mW/kg | - | GSM, mobile communications |
Gupta SK et al. | 2019 | animal, rat/Charles-foster albino | - | 900 MHz–2.45 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, RF field |
Gökçen S et al. | 2022 | intact cell/cell culture, Caco 2 cells (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line) | - | 2.5 GHz | - | - | GSM, mobile communications, CW continuous wave, RF field |
Hook GJ et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture, Molt-4 T (lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage/DNA single-strand breaks, apoptosis | 813.56 MHz | 2.4 mW/kg–3.2 W/kg | continuous for 2, 3 or 21 h | iDEN, CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, mobile communications |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) | cell proliferation, cell death | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 24 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, murine L929 fibroblast cells | cell proliferation and apoptosis | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | 1 h and 24 h for ODC measurement, 24 h for proliferation measurement, 1 h for caspase-3 activity measurement | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
Hussein S et al. | 2016 | animal, rat | changes and damage in the rat brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 120 min/day for three months | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Jin H et al. | 2021 | intact cell/cell culture, animal, C57BL/6 mouse | - | 1.762 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, LTE, co-exposure |
Jooyan N et al. | 2019 | intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, GSM |
Jooyan N et al. | 2024 | intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Joubert V et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | apoptosis | 900 MHz | 0.25–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Joubert V et al. | 2007 | intact cell/cell culture | apoptosis | 900 MHz | 0.25 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Joushomme A et al. | 2022 | intact cell/cell culture | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, UMTS, GSM, LTE, 4G, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave, W-LAN/WiFi, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Kahya MC et al. | 2014 | intact cell/cell culture, MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cell line) | - | 900 MHz | 0.36 W/kg | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Karaca E et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes | 10.715 GHz | 0.725 W/kg | continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves |
Kayhan H et al. | 2016 | intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) | apoptosis and cell cycle progression | 2.1 GHz | 0.235–0.491 W/kg | continuous for 24 hours | W-CDMA, mobile communications, microwaves |
Kerimoglu G et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/ Wistar, whole body | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Khoshbakht S et al. | 2021 | animal, rat/ Wistar, whole body | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, 4G, LTE, RF field |
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