研究のタイプ: 医学/生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[睡眠時脳電図の変化:パルス磁界とパルス変調無線周波電磁界の影響] med./bio.

Sleep EEG alterations: effects of pulsed magnetic fields versus pulse-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields

掲載誌: J Sleep Res 2012; 21 (6): 620-629

この研究は、これまでに報告されている、睡眠紡錘波に対するパルス変調高周波電磁界の影響において、20Hz以上の高調波成分が変調成分に含まれていた問題を分析している。そのため、この研究ではばく露信号の高調波成分を十分に減衰させたことを確認して、2Hzでパルス変調した900MHz信号ばく露SAR = 2 W/ kg)、2Hzのパルス磁界ばく露擬似ばく露の3つのばく露睡眠前30分間)を無作為二重ブラインド法により、25人の健常な男性被験者に1週間の間隔で実施した。その結果、両方のばく露後の睡眠脳電図において紡錘波帯スペクトルパワー上昇などが見られたことから、これらの影響は20Hz以上の周波数成分が根本的要因ではないこと;しかし、脳電図反応にばく露の種類による相違があったことから、これらの影響は復調信号のみを基礎とするという復調仮説は支持されなかったこと、などを報告している。

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研究目的(著者による)

The aim of the study was to test if a signal without significant harmonics above 20 Hz is sufficient to influence the EEG. In addition (part 2), the authors wanted to investigate whether applying a magnetic field with the same pulse sequence as applied in the pulse modulated radiofrequency exposure would result in similar changes in the EEG.

詳細情報

Part 2 was an attempt to test the demodulation hypothesis, i.e. that the effects are induced by the demodulated radiofrequency signal (corresponding to the low frequency envelope of the transmitted signal) via an electrically non-linear structure inside the human brain. Demodulation occurring in the brain has been proposed as one possible mechanism for the effects of pulse modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
25 young healthy men were exposed/sham exposed at weekly intervals to three different conditions for 30 min before sleep.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 900 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: continuous for 30 min
  • SAR: 2 W/kg (peak spatial average of head tissue)
ばく露2: 2 Hz
ばく露時間: continuous for 30 min

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 900 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
ばく露時間 continuous for 30 min
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Repetition frequency 2.08 Hz
Additional information

Pulsed signals had a basic modulation frequency of 2 Hz and a peak-to-average ratio of 4 in pulse amplitude. In order to reduce the higher harmonics the pulse structures were smoothened by applying a Gaussian low-pass filter (-3 dB at 20 Hz), reducing the spectral power above 20 Hz by more than a factor of 10 and by approx. 10 000 at 50 Hz.

ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源/構造
  • patch antennas
Distance between measurement device and exposed object 115 mm
ばく露装置の詳細 patch antenna 42 mm vertically above ear canal, 115 mm from left side of head (unilateral exposure)
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 2 W/kg - - - peak spatial average of head tissue

ばく露2

主たる特性
周波数 2 Hz
タイプ
  • magnetic field
波形
  • pulsed
ばく露時間 continuous for 30 min
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源/構造
ばく露装置の詳細 rectangular shaped coils (33 x 39 cm, 2 x 23 windings) on each side of the head separated by 25.7 ± 0.5 cm, depending on the participant's anatomy
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 種別 Method Mass 備考
磁束密度 0.176 mT cf. remarks 計算値 - whole-brain time and spatial average
磁束密度 0.7 mT peak - - -

Reference articles

  • Schmid MR et al. (2012): [睡眠時脳波の変化:パルス変調が異なる無線周波電磁界の影響]
  • Boutry CM et al. (2008): [ヒトボランティア研究に用いる各種のRFばく露装置のドシメトリ評価と比較]
  • Huber R et al. (2003): [ヒトでのラジオ周波電磁界ばく露:脳でのSAR分布の推定、睡眠と心拍への影響]
  • Huber R et al. (2002): [携帯電話電磁界は局所大脳血流と睡眠時、覚醒時EEGを変える]

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目/測定パラメータ/方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
研究対象とした臓器系:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露中
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム(著者による)

Radiofrequency exposure increased EEG power in the spindle frequency range. Furthermore, delta wave and theta wave activity (Non-REM sleep), and alpha wave and delta wave activity (REM sleep) were affected following both exposure conditions. No effect on sleep architecture and no clear impact of exposure on cognition was observed.
These findings demonstrated that both pulse modulated radiofrequency and pulsed magnetic fields affected brain physiology, and the presence of significant frequency components above 20 Hz was not fundamental for these effects to occur. Because responses were not identical for all exposures, the study does not support the hypothesis that effects of radiofrequency exposure are based on demodulation of the signal only.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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