Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Hansen V et al. | 1996 | DNA/RNA, 細菌, ウイルス/バクテリオファージ, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2, WP2uvrA, W575 | effects on biological material (enzyme activity, survival of bacteriophages, and DNA damage) | 900 MHz | 11.75–87 mW/kg | continuous for about 100 days or about 30 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on testis and sperms | 1,910.5 MHz | 0.0226–1.34 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身 | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Suzuki S et al. | 2017 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | fertilization and embryogenesis; chromosome damage | 1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, W-CDMA |
Bisht KS et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | formation of micronuclei | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 3, 8,16, or 24 h | CDMA, FDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身, 身体の一部: head | formation of micronuclei | 1.6 GHz | 0.077–1.6 W/kg | 2 h/day, 7 days/week,starting on day 19 of gestation and lasting until the offspring reached an age of 3 weeks | IRIDIUM, 移動体通信システム |
Juutilainen J et al. | 2007 | 動物, mouse/CBA/S and transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 849 MHz | 0.35–1.5 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks | アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, NMT, D-AMPS, 移動体通信システム |
Schwarz C et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES-1, IH-9, HW-2 (human diploid fibroblasts) and lymphocytes | formation of micronuclei | 1,950 MHz | 0.05–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Ziemann C et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/B6C3F1/CrlBR, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 902 MHz | 0.14–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/weeks for 2 years (see also add. information for exp. setup) | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2001 | human blood samples | formation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberration | 847.74 MHz | 4.9–5.5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, CDMA |
Zeni O et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | formation of micronucleus during different cell cycle stages | 1,950 MHz | 2.2 W/kg | intermittent, 6 min on/2 h off, for 24, 44, or 24 + 44 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Hintzsche H et al. | 2010 | ヒト | frequency of micronuclei | - | - | up to 15 hr/week for up to 10 years and more | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 抽出不可能な |
Antonopoulos A et al. | 1998 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | frequency of sister-chromatid exchange, velocity of cell cycle | 380 MHz | 82.9–1,700 mW/kg | continuous for 48, 52, 56, 64, and 68 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Hintzsche H et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) and human-hamster hybrid (A<sub>L</sub>) cells | genomic damage and mitotic disturbances | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 30 min (both cell types) or 22 h (A<sub>L</sub> cells only) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, amniotic cells | genomic instability (aneuploidy) | 900 MHz | 4–32 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | genotoxic effects and stress response | 905–915 MHz | 37–40 mW/kg | 1 h | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, UMTS |
Banerjee S et al. | 2016 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | genotoxicity in oral mucosa | - | - | mobile use for less than 5 years and less than 3 hours a week | 携帯電話, GSM, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Tkalec M et al. | 2013 | 無脊椎動物, earthworm (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>), 全身 | genotoxicity, oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.13–9.33 mW/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Zeni O et al. | 2003 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | incidence of micronuclei, cell cycle kinetics | 900 MHz | 0.2–1.6 W/kg | intermittent; 6 min on/3 h off, 14 on/off cycles of exposure, altogether 44 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Gorlitz BD et al. | 2005 | 動物, mouse/B6C3F1, 全身 | induction of micronuclei | 902–1,747 MHz | 0.33–33.2 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for 5 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sykes PJ et al. | 2001 | 動物, mouse/pKZ1(transgenic, with beta-galactosidase gene (<i>lacZ</i>)), 全身 | intrachromosomal recombination, inversion frequency | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 30 min/day for 1, 5 or 25 days (5 days/week) | GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Mashevich M et al. | 2003 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | loss and gain of chromosome 17; aneuploidy | 830 MHz | 2–8.2 W/kg | continuous for 72 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2013 | blood samples | micronuclei formation | 2,450 MHz | 10.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波, 2.45 GHz, 職業的, 共ばく露 |
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