The Helmholtz coils were housed in a purpose-built incubator situated in an electrically shielded room away from any MF sources and maintained at 37 °C by a flow of warm air from a distant source (2 m).
Setup
Culture tubes containing 5 ml of medium were placed within the pair of Helmholtz coils. Each coil was 180 mm in diameter and made of 100 turns of enamelled 0.7 mm diameter copper wire.
Control tubes were similarly cultured over a separate 72 h incubation period, but received no exposure to MFs. An independent person set the MF parameters that were unknown to the researcher.
Palmerston North Medical Research Foundation, New Zealand
Related articles
Zendehdel R et al.
(2019):
DNA effects of low level occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50/60 Hz).
Li Y et al.
(2014):
Extra-low-frequency magnetic fields alter cancer cells through metabolic restriction.
Cho S et al.
(2014):
Enhanced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of gadolinium following ELF-EMF irradiation in human lymphocytes.
Balamuralikrishnan B et al.
(2012):
Evaluation of chromosomal alteration in electrical workers occupationally exposed to low frequency of electro magnetic field (EMFs) in Coimbatore population, India.
Rajendra P et al.
(2012):
Viability of unstimulated lymphocytes exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields is dependent on intensity.
Focke F et al.
(2010):
DNA fragmentation in human fibroblasts under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
Albert GC et al.
(2009):
Assessment of genetic damage in peripheral blood of human volunteers exposed (whole-body) to a 200 muT, 60 Hz magnetic field.
Celikler S et al.
(2009):
A biomonitoring study of genotoxic risk to workers of transformers and distribution line stations.
Erdal N et al.
(2007):
Cytogenetic effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on Wistar rat bone marrow.
Cho YH et al.
(2007):
Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on delayed chromosomal instability induced by bleomycin in normal human fibroblast cells.
Villarini M et al.
(2006):
Effects of co-exposure to extremely low frequency (50 Hz) magnetic fields and xenobiotics determined in vitro by the alkaline comet assay.
Hone P et al.
(2006):
Chromatid damage in human lymphocytes is not affected by 50 Hz electromagnetic fields.
Ivancsits S et al.
(2005):
Cell type-specific genotoxic effects of intermittent extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Winker R et al.
(2005):
Chromosomal damage in human diploid fibroblasts by intermittent exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Scarfi MR et al.
(2005):
Evaluation of genotoxic effects in human fibroblasts after intermittent exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields: a confirmatory study.
Wolf FI et al.
(2005):
50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance cell proliferation and DNA damage: possible involvement of a redox mechanism.
Stronati L et al.
(2004):
Absence of genotoxicity in human blood cells exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields as assessed by comet assay, chromosome aberration, micronucleus, and sister chromatid exchange analyses.
Lloyd D et al.
(2004):
The repair of gamma-ray-induced chromosomal damage in human lymphocytes after exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields.
Lai H et al.
(2004):
Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat.
Testa A et al.
(2004):
Evaluation of genotoxic effect of low level 50 Hz magnetic fields on human blood cells using different cytogenetic assays.
Cho YH et al.
(2003):
The effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on the frequency of micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes induced by benzo(a)pyrene.
Ivancsits S et al.
(2003):
Intermittent extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields cause DNA damage in a dose-dependent way.
Ivancsits S et al.
(2002):
Induction of DNA strand breaks by intermittent exposure to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in human diploid fibroblasts.
Skyberg K et al.
(2001):
Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of employees in transformer and generator production exposed to electromagnetic fields and mineral oil.
Maes A et al.
(2000):
Cytogenetic effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields of different magnetic flux densities.
Yaguchi H et al.
(1999):
Effect of high-density extremely low frequency magnetic field on sister chromatid exchanges in mouse m5S cells.
Scarfi MR et al.
(1997):
50-Hz, 1-mT sinusoidal magnetic fields do not affect micronucleus frequency and cell proliferation in human lymphocytes from normal and Turner's syndrome subjects.
Lai H et al.
(1997):
Acute exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field increases DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells.
Nordenson I et al.
(1994):
Chromosomal aberrations in human amniotic cells after intermittent exposure to fifty hertz magnetic fields.
Garcia-Sagredo JM et al.
(1991):
Effect of low-level pulsed electromagnetic fields on human chromosomes in vitro: analysis of chromosomal aberrations.
Khalil AM et al.
(1991):
Cytogenetic effects of pulsing electromagnetic field on human lymphocytes in vitro: chromosome aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and cell kinetics.
Rosenthal M et al.
(1989):
Effects of 50 Hertz electromagnetic fields on proliferation and on chromosomal alterations in human peripheral lymphocytes untreated or pretreated with chemical mutagens.
This website uses cookies to provide you the best browsing experience. By continuing to use this website you accept our use of cookies.