Two model mutagens were used to study the possible interaction between extremely low frequencymagnetic field and xenobiotics: N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG; 0.05 µg/ml) and 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO; 0.8 µg/ml).
Culture tubes (16 mm in diameter, 100 mm in length) were placed in the coils in such a way that the cells were situated within the region of maximum homogeneousMF. Sham exposure took place under the same setup with the coils switched off. Control cultures were set-up simultaneously and run at the same time in separate incubators.
Rosenthal M et al.
(1989):
Effects of 50 Hertz electromagnetic fields on proliferation and on chromosomal alterations in human peripheral lymphocytes untreated or pretreated with chemical mutagens.
Villarini M et al.
(2017):
No evidence of DNA damage by co-exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and aluminum on neuroblastoma cell lines.
Zhu K et al.
(2016):
Extremely low frequency magnetic fields do not induce DNA damage in human lens epithelial cells in vitro.
Luukkonen J et al.
(2014):
Induction of genomic instability, oxidative processes, and mitochondrial activity by 50Hz magnetic fields in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Buldak RJ et al.
(2012):
Short-term exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF alters the cisplatin-induced oxidative response in AT478 murine squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Luukkonen J et al.
(2011):
Pre-Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields Modifies Menadione-Induced Genotoxic Effects in Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.
Markkanen A et al.
(2008):
Pre-exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields modifies menadione-induced DNA damage response in murine L929 cells.
Wahab MA et al.
(2007):
Elevated sister chromatid exchange frequencies in dividing human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields.
Hone P et al.
(2006):
Chromatid damage in human lymphocytes is not affected by 50 Hz electromagnetic fields.
Ivancsits S et al.
(2005):
Cell type-specific genotoxic effects of intermittent extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Koyama S et al.
(2005):
Combined exposure of ELF magnetic fields and x-rays increased mutant yields compared with x-rays alone in pTN89 plasmids.
Scarfi MR et al.
(2005):
Evaluation of genotoxic effects in human fibroblasts after intermittent exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields: a confirmatory study.
Moretti M et al.
(2005):
Effects of co-exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields and benzene or benzene metabolites determined in vitro by the alkaline comet assay.
Winker R et al.
(2005):
Chromosomal damage in human diploid fibroblasts by intermittent exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Zmyslony M et al.
(2004):
Effects of in vitro exposure to power frequency magnetic fields on UV-induced DNA damage of rat lymphocytes.
Koyama S et al.
(2004):
ELF electromagnetic fields increase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced mutations in pTN89 plasmids.
Lai H et al.
(2004):
Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat.
Ivancsits S et al.
(2003):
Intermittent extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields cause DNA damage in a dose-dependent way.
Pasquini R et al.
(2003):
Micronucleus induction in cells co-exposed in vitro to 50 Hz magnetic field and benzene, 1,4-benzenediol (hydroquinone) or 1,2,4-benzenetriol.
Hone P et al.
(2003):
Possible associations between ELF electromagnetic fields, DNA damage response processes and childhood leukaemia.
Ivancsits S et al.
(2002):
Induction of DNA strand breaks by intermittent exposure to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in human diploid fibroblasts.
IARC
(2002):
Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans, Volume 80.
Harada S et al.
(2001):
Effects of high ELF magnetic fields on enzyme-catalyzed DNA and RNA synthesis in vitro and on a cell-free DNA mismatch repair.
Zmyslony M et al.
(2000):
DNA damage in rat lymphocytes treated in vitro with iron cations and exposed to 7 mT magnetic fields (static or 50 Hz).
Scarfi MR et al.
(1997):
50-Hz, 1-mT sinusoidal magnetic fields do not affect micronucleus frequency and cell proliferation in human lymphocytes from normal and Turner's syndrome subjects.
Lai H et al.
(1997):
Acute exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field increases DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells.
Juutilainen J et al.
(1997):
Genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of electromagnetic fields. Introduction and overview.
