Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2042 studies in total
  1. 763 studies
  2. 632 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 413 studies
  5. 328 studies
  6. 207 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

632 studies in total
  1. 254 studies
  2. 211 studies
  3. 182 studies
  4. 47 studies

Genotoxicity 211 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Giorgi G et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (BE(2)C) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Manser M et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells), hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ cells derived from umbilical cord blood) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Benassi B et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, co-exposure 1 mT
Stankevičiūtė M et al. 2019 invertebrate, animal, rainbow trout eggs/larvae (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Baltic clam (<i>Limecola balthica</i>) and common ragworm (<i>Hediste diversicolor</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Heredia-Rojas JA et al. 2001 blood samples magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1–2 mT
Yoon HE et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, WI38 cells (human lung fibroblasts) and L123 cells (human lung epithelial cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure 1–2 mT
Jin H et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, L123 cells (human lung epithelial cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1–2 mT
Duan W et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) GSM, mobile communications, RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Khalil AM et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 1.05 mT
Chow KC et al. 2000 bacterium, <i>E. coli</i>/SURE (donor strain; carries transposon Tn5; kanamycin/tetracycline resistent; some cultures additionally transformed with plasmids for inductive over-expression of DnaK/J & GroEL/ES); BL21(DE3)pLys (as recipient; chloramphenicol resistent) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.2 mT
Li SH et al. 2001 DNA/RNA, bacterium, plasmid pUC18, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/XL1-Blue transformed with plasmid pUC18 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.2 mT
Rapley BI et al. 1998 plant, broad bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) (seedlings) magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.5–5 mT
Maes A et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1,750–2,500 µT
Schmitz C et al. 2004 animal, mouse/Han:NMRI, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.8 mT
Zhou J et al. 2016 tissue culture, femoral diaphysis and metaphysis tissue from Wistar rats magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.8 mT
Heredia-Rojas JA et al. 2004 animal, mouse/CD1 (BALB/c x DBA/2), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 2 mT
Mun GI et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, HT22 (mouse hippocampus neuronal cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Zeng Y et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, primary hippocampal neurons from rat embryos 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 2 mT
Su L et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, U251 and A127 (human glioblastoma cell lines), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line), rat astrocytes, rat microglia, primary cortical neurons (of rat) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Sun C et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (wild type and <i>Atm</i>-deficient) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 2 mT
Lopucki M et al. 2005 placenta sample (cotyledon) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2–5 mT
Crocetti S et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) and MCF-10 cells (human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line) and C2C12 cells (mouse myoblast cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 2–5 mT
Ahuja YR et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood leukocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2–10 mT
Kim J et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line) and IMR90 (human lung fibroblasts) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 2–14 mT
Ruiz-Gomez MJ et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>)/wild type (WS8105-1C) and <i>rad52 hdf1</i> mutants (<i>rad52</i>, <i>hdf1</i>, <i>rad52 hdf1</i>; radiation sensitive 52, high affinity DNA binding factor 1) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2.45 mT
Scarfi MR et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 2.5 mT
Scarfi MR et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 2.5 mT
Cossarizza A et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells electric field, magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 2.5 mT
Suri A et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, embryonic fibroblast cell line (rat) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 3 mT
Villarini M et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 3 mT
Kim J et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line) and IMR90 (human lung fibroblasts) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3–6 mT
Antonopoulos A et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 5 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary K1) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Fairbairn DW et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line), Raji cells (human Burkitt lymphoma cells), HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), and human peripheral blood leukocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 5 mT
Ding GR et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary K1) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure 5 mT
Pasquini R et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Koyama S et al. 2004 plasmid magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Koyama S et al. 2005 DNA/RNA, plasmid magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Koyama S et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Mizuno K et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, W138VA13 (human embryo lung-derived cells) and XP2OS(SV) (human xeroderma pigmentosum skin-derived cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Kheiry EV et al. 2019 animal, mouse/BALB/c magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure 5 mT
Yaguchi H et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, mouse m5S cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5–400 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5–400 mT
Yaguchi H et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, mouse m5S cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, co-exposure 5–400 mT
Zmyslony M et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, rat lymphocytes magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 7 mT
Jajte J et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, rat lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 7 mT
Miyakoshi Y et al. 2012 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 10 mT
El-Bialy NS et al. 2013 animal, mouse/BALB, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 10 mT
Nakasono S et al. 2000 bacterium, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (WP2 <i>uvrA</i>, WP2 <i>uvrA</i>/pKM101) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 14 mT
Williams PA et al. 2006 bacterium, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>/LT2 (TT22240; TT24257; TT24470) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, inhouse wiring, other domestic appliance 14.6 mT