Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fragopoulou AF et al. | 2010 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | teratogenicity, foetal development | 900 MHz | 0.6–0.94 W/kg | continuous for 6 min/day or 30 min/day during 5 days before and during the whole pregnancy | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Moghimi A et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c | - | - | - | - | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波, RF電磁界 |
Lee HJ et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | teratogenicity (mortality, growth retardation, head size, morphological malformations) | 848.5 MHz | 2–7.13 W/kg | continuous 2 times 45 min/day, separated by 15 min, throughout gestation (17 days) | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Ogawa K et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD IGS, 身体の一部: head | embryogenesis | 1.95 GHz | 0.11–7 W/kg | 90 min/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Pyrpasopoulou A et al. | 2004 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | expression and localization of bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors | 9.4 GHz | 500 nW/g | continuous during days 1-3 postcoitum | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Jiang ML et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Xenos TD et al. | 2003 | 動物, mouse/Bulb/c/f; Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix Japonica</i>); chicken eggs of the strain KOBB; rat, 全身 | development during prenatal exposure | 95 MHz | 189 µW/kg–5.655 mW/kg | continuous for 6 months | RF電磁界, マイクロ波, UHF電磁界, ラジオ/TV送信機, TV 放送 (VHF/UHF), FM 放送(UKW) |
Gagnon ZE et al. | 2003 | 動物, mouse/Swiss Webster, 全身 | embryo development | 0 Hz–25 MHz | - | exposure started on the 18th day of pregnancy; one week later, offspring was born and maintained together with their mothers for 21 days. After that, only the mothers were left to continue for another 4 weeks. | EMF全般 |
Okazaki R et al. | 2001 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | continuously for 2 days | 静磁界, MRI, 共ばく露 |
Gu Y et al. | 2001 | 動物, mouse/ICR (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Nelson BK et al. | 2001 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 | teratogenicity | 10 MHz | 800 µW/g–7.9 mW/g | continuous; 20 + 60 min | RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Cobb BL et al. | 2000 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | teratogenicity/ontogeny | 0.1–1 GHz | 45 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure for 2 min, see add. information | マイクロ波パルス, UWB |
Nelson BK et al. | 1999 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 | teratogenicity | 10 MHz | 0.8–8 W/kg | 20 min (to raise the temperature from its normal baseline to 41°C) plus 60 min | RF電磁界 |
Nelson BK et al. | 1998 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD-VAF/Plus, 全身 | teratogenicty | 10 MHz | 800 µW/g–8 mW/g | 2 or 4 h | RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Nelson BK et al. | 1997 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 | teratogenicity | 10 MHz | 800 µW/g–6.6 mW/g | ca. 30 min to raise the animal`s colonic temperature from 38°C to 42°C, then additional 10 min exposure to maintain the temperature at 42°C | RF電磁界 |
Klug S et al. | 1997 | rat embryo culture | teratogenicity | 150 MHz | 0.2–5 W/kg | continuous for 36 h | デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Koldayev VM et al. | 1997 | 無脊椎動物, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</i>), 全身 | embryogenesis | 450 MHz | - | continuous for 5-20 min | RF電磁界 |
Magras IN et al. | 1997 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c/f, 全身 | teratogenicity | 88.5–950 MHz | 1.936 µW/g | 5 pregnancies | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, ラジオ/TV送信機, TV 放送 (VHF/UHF), FM 放送(UKW), AMラジオ送信機, SW 放送 (KW) |
Nelson BK et al. | 1997 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 | teratogenicity | 10 MHz | 0.8–7.9 W/kg | continuous for 2, 4 or 6 h | RF電磁界 |
Saito K et al. | 1995 | - | - | 428 MHz | - | - | RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Rofsky NM et al. | 1994 | 動物, mouse/CD-1, 全身 | - | - | - | - | MRI, 共ばく露, 非EMF |
Nelson BK et al. | 1994 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 | teratogenicity (malformations of fetuses) | 10 MHz | 800 µW/g–6.6 mW/g | 0, 10, 20 or 30 min | RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Yip YP et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken/White Leghorn, 全身: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 15–200 Hz | - | continuous for 6 h | MRI |
Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken (embryo), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | see remark* | 50/60 Hz (AC), therapeutic/medical device |
Tyndall DA | 1993 | 動物, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | 36 min/day from day 7 to day 14 of gestation | 静磁界, MRI |
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