研究のタイプ: 疫学研究 (observational study)

[米国での1991-99年間の筋萎縮性側索硬化症による死亡と電気ショックおよび磁界への職業ばく露に関する症例対照研究] epidem.

Case-control study of occupational exposure to electric shocks and magnetic fields and mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the US, 1991-1999

掲載誌: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2015; 25 (1): 65-71

この研究は、米国(US)での1991-99年間の筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)による死亡と電気ショック(ES)および磁界MF)への職業ばく露の間の関連を症例対照研究で調べた。この調査期間に同定された全USでのALSの死亡例5886に対して、症例1に対し対照10で、ALS以外の死因による全USの死亡の中から、性別・年齢・死亡暦年・居住地域をマッチさせて対照を選出した。死亡証明書に記された職業を、職種ばく露マトリクスにリンクさせて、ESおよびMFへの職業ばく露レベルを判定した。その結果。教育および電気的職業がALSリスク上昇と中程度に関連した。それぞれのオッズ比OR)は1.85(95%信頼区間(CI):1.67-2.04)およびOR=1.23(95% CI:1.04-1.47)であった;ESについて、低ばく露群と比較した高ばく露群のALS死亡のORは0.73(95% CI:0.67-0.79)、中ばく露群のORは0.90(95% CI:0.84- 0.97)であった;同様にMFについては、高ばく露群のORは1.09(95% CI:1.00-1.19)、中ばく露群のORは1.09(95% CI:0.96-1.23)であった;これまでの研究結果と同様、電気的職業との中程度の関連が観察されたが、その関連はESおよびMFの職業ばく露では説明されなかった、と報告している。

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研究の目的(著者による)

A case-control study was conducted in the USA to investigate the association between occupational exposure to electric shocks and magnetic fields and mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

影響評価項目/リスク推定のタイプ

リスク推定のタイプ: (オッズ比(OR))

ばく露

ばく露評価

ばく露集団

グループ 説明
参照集団 1 non-electric occupations
集団 2 electric occupations
集団 3 electric occupations, not high electric shocks
集団 4 electric occupations, high electric shocks
集団 5 electric occupations, not high magnetic fields (< 0.3µmT)
集団 6 electric occupations, high magnetic fields (≥ 0.3µmT)
参照集団 7 non-welding occupations
集団 8 welding occupations
集団 9 welding occupations, not high electric shocks
集団 10 welding occupations, high electric shocks
集団 11 welding occupations, not high magnetic fields (< 0.3µmT)
集団 12 welding occupations, high magnetic fields (≥ 0.3µmT)
参照集団 13 electric shocks: low
集団 14 electric shocks: medium
集団 15 electric shocks: high
参照集団 16 magnetic field exposure: low
集団 17 magnetic field exposure: medium
集団 18 magnetic field exposure: high

調査対象集団

症例集団

対照集団

調査規模

症例 対照
評価可能 5,886 57,667
統計学的分析方法: (調整: )

結論(著者による)

A moderately increased mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was observed for those who worked within electric occupations (OR 1.23, CI 1.04-1.47). Exposure to electric shocks was inversely associated with mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: workers with high exposure (OR 0.73, CI 0.67-0.79) had a lower risk than workers with medium exposure (OR 0.90, CI 0.84-0.97). No consistent association between occupational magnetic field exposure and mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was found (high exposure: OR 1.09, CI 1.00-1.19; medium exposure: OR 1.09, CI 0.96-1.23). Exposure to electric shock or magnetic field exposure did not account for the association observed for electric occupations.
A decreased risk between welding occupations and mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was observed (OR 0.77, CI 0.55-0.89). Among welding occupations, an association similar in magnitude was observed for high and low electric shocks and magnetic field exposure as well as with adjustment for electric shocks, magnetic fields or both.
The authors concluded that an association between electric occupations and mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was observed which is consistent with previous publications. In the present study, neither electric shocks nor exposure to magnetic fields explained the association between electric occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

研究助成

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