この研究は、ラットの脳グリオーマモデルを用いて、マイクロ波ばく露によるプロモータ効果の有無を調べた。実験には、915 MHzマイクロ波の連続波（１Ｗ）とパルス変調波（１パルスあたり2 W）を用いた。パルス変調波は、パルス周波数4、8、16、217 Hzでパルス幅0.57 msのものと、パルス周波数50 Hzでパルス幅6.67 msのものを用いた。両性のフィッシャー344ラットに、定位固定法により、ラットグリオーマ細胞（RG2および N32）を頭部の右尾状核に注入した。このように作成したラット脳グリオーマモデルを、全実験で154組（ばく露とマッチド対照のペア）用いた。ばく露は、注入後5日目に開始し、1日7時間、週5日で２〜３週間継続した。ばく露ラットは、十分に換気されたTEMセル内で、無麻酔でばく露を受けた。それぞれの対照ラットは、同様のTEMセル内で無ばく露に保たれた。すべての脳を病理組織学的に検査し、腫瘍の大きさを楕円体の体積として推定した。その結果、154組のマッチドペアにおいて、ばく露ラットと対照ラットの間に、腫瘍サイズの有意差はなかった；したがって、ラット脳における腫瘍増殖の開始後5日目から約16日後の屠殺までの間に与えられた多様なマイクロ波の毎日のばく露は、腫瘍増殖をプロモートしなかった、と報告している。
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To investigate brain tumor development in rats exposed to 915 MHz electromagnetic fields (EMF) by continuous waves (CW) and different pulse-modulated waves. A rat in vivo glioma-model, using RG2 and N32 cells, were used for tumor induction.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
915 MHz
Modulation type:
CW
ばく露時間:
repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 10-15 days
|
|
|
ばく露2:
915 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 10 days
|
|
|
ばく露3:
915 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 10 days
|
|
|
ばく露4:
915 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 days
|
|
|
ばく露5:
915 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 9 days
|
|
|
ばく露6:
915 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 9-13 days
|
| 周波数 | 915 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 10-15 days |
| Modulation type | CW |
|---|
| ばく露の発生源／構造 | |
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | The test system consisted of four TEM cells. The TEM cell was enclosed in a well ventilated wooden box supporting the outer conductor made of brass-net and the central plate, or septum, constructed of aluminium and held up by Teflon braces. |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | The animals were kept unanaesthetized and were given a half hour break for feeding after 4 hours of exposure. |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Additional information | Control animals were kept in identical TEM cells without EMF exposure. |
| 周波数 | 915 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 10 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.57 ms |
| Rise time | 0.04 ms |
| Fall time | 0.81 ms |
| Duty cycle | 0.2 % |
| Repetition frequency | 4 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 915 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 10 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.57 ms |
| Rise time | 0.04 ms |
| Fall time | 0.81 ms |
| Duty cycle | 0.5 % |
| Repetition frequency | 8.33 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 915 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.57 ms |
| Rise time | 0.04 ms |
| Fall time | 0.81 ms |
| Duty cycle | 0.9 % |
| Repetition frequency | 16 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 915 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 9 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 0.57 ms |
| Rise time | 0.04 ms |
| Fall time | 0.81 ms |
| Duty cycle | 12 % |
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 915 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 9-13 days |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 6 ms |
| Rise time | 0.04 ms |
| Fall time | 0.81 ms |
| Duty cycle | 30 % |
| Repetition frequency | 50 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
In the RG2 model there was no indication of promoted tumor growth for any of the tested EMF-frequencies. As a reason for the absence of significant differences between exposed and control animals it should be kept in mind that the rat glioma tumor cell line RG2 is very aggressive, and the addition of external stimuli may therefore not influence upon the tumor growth rate. Also the less aggressive, slow-growing N32 cell line changed the tumor volume in no significant way of the exposed animals compared to their controls. In conclusion no differences were found between the growth of inoculated rat brain tumors in EMF exposed animals and their unexposed controls.
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