Mobile phone related articles are
Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, HEI-OC1 cells (immortalized mouse auditory hair cells) | cell cycle, DNA damage, stress response, and gene expression | 1,763 MHz | 20 W/kg | continuous for 24 h and 48 h | mobile communications, mobile phone, CDMA |
Wang X et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, Neuro-2a (mouse neuroblastoma) cells | DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, amniotic cells | chromosomal damage, chromosome aberrations | 900 MHz | 0.25–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hr | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Pesnya DS et al. | 2013 | plant, <i>Allium ceps</i> (bulbs) | - | 890–915 MHz | 1.4 W/kg | continuous for 3 h/day on 3 days | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Tice RR et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA and chromosomal damage | 837 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 3 or 24 h | GSM, CDMA, TDMA, mobile communications |
Bisht KS et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | formation of micronuclei | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 3, 8,16, or 24 h | CDMA, FDMA, mobile communications |
Gajski G et al. | 2009 | whole blood samples | DNA damage and protective effect of honeybee venom | 915 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Hintzsche H et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) and human-hamster hybrid (A<sub>L</sub>) cells | genomic damage and mitotic disturbances | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 30 min (both cell types) or 22 h (A<sub>L</sub> cells only) | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
Sarimov R et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture | chromatin conformation | 895–915 MHz | 5.4 mW/kg | continuous for 30 min or 1 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Gurbuz N et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | micronucleus formation in exfoliated bladder cells | 1,800 MHz | 0.23 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months | GSM, mobile communications |
Zong C et al. | 2015 | animal, mouse/ICR, whole body | DNA damage in leukocytes, oxidative stress and antioxidative status in plasma, liver and lung | 900 MHz | 50 mW/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 7 days | mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, co-exposure |
Jiang B et al. | 2012 | animal, mouse/ICR, whole body | DNA damage (alkali labile sites and DNA single-strand breaks) | 900 MHz | 548 mW/kg | continuous for 4 hours/day for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days | mobile communications, RF field, wireless transmitter, co-exposure |
Diem E et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, GFSH-R17 (transformed rat granulosa cells) and human diploid fibroblasts | DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 1.2–2 W/kg | continuous for 4, 16 and 24 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Hekmat A et al. | 2013 | DNA/RNA | DNA structure | 940 MHz | 40 mW/kg | continuous for 45 minutes | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field |
Chang SK et al. | 2005 | bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2uvrA; <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>/TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537 | occurrency of revertants, DNA stability | 835 MHz | 4 W/kg | continuous for 48 h | mobile communications, mobile phone, CDMA |
Antonopoulos A et al. | 1998 | intact cell/cell culture | frequency of sister-chromatid exchange, velocity of cell cycle | 380 MHz | 82.9–1,700 mW/kg | continuous for 48, 52, 56, 64, and 68 h | mobile communications, GSM |
Karaca E et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes | 10.715 GHz | 0.725 W/kg | continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2011 | intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes | mutation rate, cell viability and cell morphology of human peripheral blood lymphocytes | 1.8 GHz | 0.21 W/kg | continuous for 6, 8, 12 and 48 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure |
Eberle P et al. | 1996 | intact cell/cell culture | mutations in genes and chromosomes, cell proliferation | 440 MHz | - | continuous for 70, 50, or 39 h | mobile communications, GSM, C-Net |
Mashevich M et al. | 2003 | intact cell/cell culture | loss and gain of chromosome 17; aneuploidy | 830 MHz | 2–8.2 W/kg | continuous for 72 h | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Gustavino B et al. | 2016 | plant, broad bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) (seedlings), whole body | micronuclei in secondary root tips | 915 MHz | 0.4–1.6 W/kg | continuous for 72 hours | mobile phone, mobile communications, CW continuous wave |
Hansen V et al. | 1996 | DNA/RNA, bacterium, virus/bacteriophages, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2, WP2uvrA, W575 | effects on biological material (enzyme activity, survival of bacteriophages, and DNA damage) | 900 MHz | 11.75–87 mW/kg | continuous for about 100 days or about 30 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Zhijian C et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, HMy2.CIR (human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage and DNA repair | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for up to 28 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 24 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Waldmann P et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes | DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 0.2–10 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 28 hours | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Phillips JL et al. | 1998 | intact cell/cell culture, Molt-4 cells | single-strand breaks (comet assay) | 813.5625 MHz | 2.4–26 µW/g | intermittent 20 min on/off for 2, 3 and 21 hours | iDEN, NADC, TDMA, mobile communications |
Duan W et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage | 50 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent 5 min field on and 10 min field off for 24 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Gorpinchenko I et al. | 2014 | intact cell/cell culture, human spermatozoa | sperm parameter | 900–1,800 MHz | - | intermittent every 10 minutes for 5 hours (standby mode with outgoing calls every 10 minutes) | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Xu S et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), primary newborn rat astrocytes, human amniotic epithelial cells, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC), human skin fibroblasts | DNA damage, DNA double strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 3 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h or 24 h (5 min "on", 10 min "off") | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Speit G et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1.3–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off for 24 h | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Speit G et al. | 2007 | intact cell/cell culture, ES-1 (human diploid fibroblasts) and V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 1, 4, 18, and 24 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Yao K et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation | 30–90 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, ES R1 cells (mouse embryonic stem cells) | different effects (e.g. different transcript levels, genotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, mobile communications, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Zeni O et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture | formation of micronucleus during different cell cycle stages | 1,950 MHz | 2.2 W/kg | intermittent, 6 min on/2 h off, for 24, 44, or 24 + 44 h | digital mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications |
Zeni O et al. | 2003 | intact cell/cell culture | incidence of micronuclei, cell cycle kinetics | 900 MHz | 0.2–1.6 W/kg | intermittent; 6 min on/3 h off, 14 on/off cycles of exposure, altogether 44 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Banerjee S et al. | 2016 | human, partial body: head | genotoxicity in oral mucosa | - | - | mobile use for less than 5 years and less than 3 hours a week | mobile phone, GSM, CDMA, mobile communications |
Hansteen IL et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (chromosome aberrations) | 2.3 GHz | - | one cell cycle | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure |
Sykes PJ et al. | 2001 | animal, mouse/pKZ1(transgenic, with beta-galactosidase gene (<i>lacZ</i>)), whole body | intrachromosomal recombination, inversion frequency | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 30 min/day for 1, 5 or 25 days (5 days/week) | GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Juutilainen J et al. | 2007 | animal, mouse/CBA/S and transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, whole body | formation of micronuclei | 849 MHz | 0.35–1.5 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks | analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, NMT, D-AMPS, mobile communications |
Aitken RJ et al. | 2005 | animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, whole body | DNA damage in spermatozoa | 900 MHz | 90 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 12 h/day for 7 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Verschaeve L et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | DNA damage | 900 MHz | 0.3–0.9 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 24 months | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Gorlitz BD et al. | 2005 | animal, mouse/B6C3F1, whole body | induction of micronuclei | 902–1,747 MHz | 0.33–33.2 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for 5 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | chromosome damage | 834 MHz | 1.23 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 8.5 h/day, throughout pregnancy | analog mobile phone, mobile communications |
Takahashi S et al. | 2002 | animal, mouse/Big Blue (BBM, transgenic for the <i>lac</i>I marker gene in lambda phage; C57BL/6 background), partial body: head | mutation frequency | 1.5 GHz | 0.27–2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 4 weeks | PDC, TDMA, mobile communications |
Maes A et al. | 2006 | blood samples, human, whole body | DNA damage (comet assay, sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations) | 147.25–900 MHz | - | repeated daily exposure, at least 1 h/day for 2.3 years (on average) | mobile phone base station, mobile communications, microwaves, millimeter waves, occupational |
Hintzsche H et al. | 2010 | human | frequency of micronuclei | - | - | up to 15 hr/week for up to 10 years and more | mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves, not extractable |
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