Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2043 studies in total
  1. 764 studies
  2. 632 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 413 studies
  5. 328 studies
  6. 207 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

632 studies in total
  1. 254 studies
  2. 211 studies
  3. 182 studies
  4. 47 studies

Genotoxicity 211 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Kim J et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line) and IMR90 (human lung fibroblasts) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 2–14 mT
Focke F et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), MRC-5 (human primary fetal lung fibroblasts), and human primary fibroblasts low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, magnetic field 1 mT
Pasquini R et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Manser M et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells), hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ cells derived from umbilical cord blood) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Moretti M et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, Jürkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Jin H et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, L123 cells (human lung epithelial cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1–2 mT
Nieminen V et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) static magnetic field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF -
Dees C et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 and T-47D cell lines (human breast cancer cell lines) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1.2–900 µT
Crocetti S et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) and MCF-10 cells (human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line) and C2C12 cells (mouse myoblast cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 2–5 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5–400 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, MeWo cells (malignant melanoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF 400–500 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, MeWo cells (malignant melanoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 400 mT
Jin YB et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line), WI-38 cells (human lung fibroblast cells), L-132 (human embryonic lung tissue), MCF10A cells (human breast epithelial cells); partially transfected with a c-Myc or empty vector magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Jin YB et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts) and WI38 cells (human lung fibroblasts), normal and transfected with a c-Myc-containing vector or with an empty vetor magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.01–1 mT
Luukkonen J et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 100 µT
Luukkonen J et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 100 µT
Kesari KK et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 100 µT
Benassi B et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, co-exposure 1 mT
Mustafa E et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Villarini M et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE-2 (human neuroblastoma cell lines) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF 0.01–1 mT
Kesari KK et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma cell line) and C6 (rat glioma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10–30 µT
Simko M et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, SHE (syrian hamster embryo) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Miyakoshi J et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, Saos-LP-12 (cell line derived from human osteosarcoma) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 400 mT
Nguyen H et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, TK6 cells (lymphoblastoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Su L et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, U251 and A127 (human glioblastoma cell lines), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line), rat astrocytes, rat microglia, primary cortical neurons (of rat) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Mairs RJ et al. 2007 intact cell/cell culture, UVW (human glioma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Fiorio R et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Nafziger J et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, V79 cell line (Chinese hamster embryonic lung fibroblasts) and virus-transformed human lymphoblastiod cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–10 µT
Mizuno K et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, W138VA13 (human embryo lung-derived cells) and XP2OS(SV) (human xeroderma pigmentosum skin-derived cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Yoon HE et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, WI38 cells (human lung fibroblasts) and L123 cells (human lung epithelial cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure 1–2 mT
Li Y et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, culture medium, K562 and HEL 92.1.7 cells (human erythroleukemic cell lines), MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line), NCI-H460 cells (human lung cancer cell line), Colo 320 DM cells (human colon carcinoma cell line) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 4 nT–74 µT
Suri A et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, embryonic fibroblast cell line (rat) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 3 mT
Lv Y et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, human amnion epithelial cells (FL), human skin fibroblast cells (HSF), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4–2 mT
Nordenson I et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 30–300 µT
Galt S et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 30 µT
Simko M et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic fluid cells (AFC) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Samiei M et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture, human dental pulp stem cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.5–1 mT
Pilger A et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, human diploid fibroblast cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Ivancsits S et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, human diploid fibroblast cells; SV40-transformed GFSH-R17 rat granulosa cells; human melanocytes; skeletal muscle cells; human monocytes; human lymphocytes magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Ivancsits S et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, human fibroblasts magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 20–2,000 µT
Ivancsits S et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human fibroblasts magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 20 µT–1 mT
Ivancsits S et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human fibroblasts magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Scarfi MR et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, human fibroblasts magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 1 mT
Burdak-Rothkamm S et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, human fibroblasts magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 50–1,000 µT
Verschaeve L et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, human hepatic C3A cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Zhu K et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
Scarfi MR et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.05–1 mT
Frazier ME et al. 1990 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 50 µT–1 mT
Tofani S et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, co-exposure, shielding/field deprivation 42–150 µT
Scarfi MR et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT