Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bucko S et al. | 2020 | 細菌, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (different strains) | - | 1–5 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, LTE, RF電磁界, W-LAN/WiFi |
Babincová M et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, rat glioblastoma cells (C6) | - | 960 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, GSM, 磁界, 非EMF |
Lin YY et al. | 2019 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, TM3 cells (mouse Leydig cell line) | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, GSM, マイクロ波 |
Sannino A et al. | 2024 | - | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | LTE, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, 共ばく露, 非EMF |
Sun C et al. | 2023 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界, 共ばく露, 非EMF |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sannino A et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lymphocytes | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 1,950 MHz | 0.3 W/kg | continuous for 20 hours | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, PC-12 cells | DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis | 1,950 MHz | 10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Stagg RB et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C<sub>6</sub> glioma cell line and normal rat glial cells | DNA synthesis and cell proliferation | 836.55 MHz | 0.15–59 µW/g | continuous for 4 and 24 h | NADC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Palumbo R et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes | apoptosis | 900 MHz | 1.35–10.8 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Markkanen A et al. | 2004 | yeast in culture (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/strains KFy417 (wild type) and KFy437 (cdc48 mutant)), mutant yeast strain (carries an allel which leads to formation of apoptosis at elevated temperatures) | apoptosis and cell survival | 872 MHz | 0.4–3 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hirose H et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | apoptosis, cellular stress response | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 24 or 48 h | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Lantow M et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) | cell cycle (cell cycle phase, proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis) | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 12 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Cranfield C et al. | 2003 | 細菌, <i>Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum</i> | cell mortality | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 16 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Velizarov S et al. | 1999 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, transformed human epithelial amnion cells (AMA) | cell proliferation | 960 MHz | 2.1 µW/g | continuous for 30 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, murine L929 fibroblast cells | cell proliferation and apoptosis | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | 1 h and 24 h for ODC measurement, 24 h for proliferation measurement, 1 h for caspase-3 activity measurement | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Lee SS et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human adipose derived stem cells | cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation | 2.4 GHz | 240 mW/kg | continuous for 10 hours/day for 5 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) | cell proliferation, cell death | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
French PW et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human astrocytoma cell line U-87MG | cell proliferation, cell morphology | 864.3 MHz | 8.96 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 3 x 20 min/day (at 4-h intervals), for 7 days | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Pavicic I et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | cell proliferation, cell viability, colony forming ability | 864 MHz | 0.08 W/kg | continuous for 1, 2 or 3 hr | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波 |
Duranti G et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) | cell proliferation, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.04–0.08 W/kg | continuous for 18 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Trosic I et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | cell proliferation, mitotic index, microtubule protein structure | 935 MHz | 0.12 W/kg | continuous for 1 h, 2 h and 3 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, CW 連続波 |
Merola P et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, LAN-5 (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell proliferation; apoptosis, cell differentiation | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 24, 48 and 72 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Atasoy A et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | cell surface antigenic structures, cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis | 450 MHz | - | continuous for 2 hr, 6 hr or 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
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