Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Luukkonen J et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, reactive oxygen species production | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h for the ROS production experiment; continuous for 3 hr for the comet assay experiment | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Khalil AM et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sanchez S et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/hairless, 身体の一部: right part of the back | Heat shock protein expression | 900 MHz | 2.4–5.8 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Leszczynski D et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, EA.hy926 cells | activation of signal transduction pathways and induction of cellular stress response (expression status of heat shock protein 27 and p38MAPK) | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Lim HB et al. | 2005 | blood samples | activation of stress response genes | 900 MHz | 0.4–3.6 W/kg | continuous for 4 hours | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Miyakoshi J et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) | activation of stress response genes | 1,950 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 2 h | 移動体通信システム |
Elhag MA et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat, 全身 | antioxidant capacity of the blood | 900 MHz | 0.25 W/kg | 15 min/day for 4 days | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Abu Khadra KM et al. | 2015 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | antioxidative parameters in the saliva | 1,800 MHz | 1.09 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Dasdag S et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: head | apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.17–0.58 W/kg | continuous for 2 hr/day, 7 days/week for 10 months | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, マイクロ波 |
Hirose H et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | apoptosis, cellular stress response | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 24 or 48 h | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Cig B et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) | apoptosis, cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species | 900 MHz | 0.18–0.58 mW/kg | continuous for 1 hour | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Khirazova EE et al. | 2012 | 動物, white rat, 全身 | behavior in open field test, antioxidant defense system | 905 MHz | 1.67 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Nirwane A et al. | 2016 | 動物, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>, AB wild type strain), 全身 | behavior of zebrafish and oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 1.34 W/kg | for 1 hour/day for 14 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kismali G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | blood chemistry, oxidative stress: lipid persoxidation | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day during 7 days (day 15 to day 22 of gestation) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, PW パルス波 |
Ozgur E et al. | 2013 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身: prenatal and/or postnatal | blood parameters, lipid peroxidation | 1,800 MHz | - | 15 min/day for 7 days in pregnant animals (between 15th and 22nd day of gestation), for 7 days in female infants and for 14 days in male infants | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Dogan M et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | brain metabolism, oxidative stress, histopathology and apoptosis in the brain | 1.9 Hz–2.2 GHz | - | every day two times 20 min (1x talking, 1x listening mode) from day 2 to day 21 | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HEI-OC1 cells (immortalized mouse auditory hair cells) | cell cycle, DNA damage, stress response, and gene expression | 1,763 MHz | 20 W/kg | continuous for 24 h and 48 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, CDMA |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) | cell proliferation, cell death | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sanchez S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human reconstructed epidermis using human keratinocytes, normal human epidermal keratinocytes and normal human dermal fibroblasts | cell stress response | 900 MHz | 2–16 W/kg | continuous for 48 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ni S et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human eye lens epithelial cells (HLE B3) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 2–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 minutes field "on"/10 minutes field "off") for up to 24 hours | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, マイクロ波 |
Kang KA et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), U87 (human glioma cells), PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Marjanovic AM et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | continuous for 10, 30 and 60 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Chauhan V et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, TK6 cells (lymphoblastoma cells) | cellular stress response | 1.9 GHz | 1–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 6 h | デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Lee JS et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (T lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) and rat primary astrocytes | cellular stress response | 1,762.5 MHz | 2–20 W/kg | continuous for 30 min or 1 h | デジタル携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Hirose H et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | cellular stress response (Hsp27 (heat-shock protein 27) content and hsp27 phosphorylation) | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 2, 24, or 48 h for A172 cells | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
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