研究状況の概観

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

884研究
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319研究
  2. Other
    313研究
  3. Central nervous system
    122研究
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54研究
  5. Fertility
    49研究
  6. Growth
    16研究
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11研究

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319研究
  1. Low frequency
    162研究
  2. Radio frequency
    144研究
  3. DC and static fields
    37研究
  4. Other
    2研究

Radio frequency 144研究

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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Amer FI et al. 2013 動物, mouse/CD-1, 全身: <i>in utero</i> malformation, histopathological changes in the retina 950 MHz 1–1.6 W/kg 2 h/day for 8 consecutive days from day 7 to 14 of gestation RF, マイクロ波
Tsybulin O et al. 2013 動物, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), 全身: <i>in ovo</i> number of somites in the embryos 890–915 Hz 3 µW/kg intermittent for 38 h: 48 sec "on" (speech mode), 12 sec "off" 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム
Ingole IV et al. 2012 動物, hen eggs (<i>Gallus domesticus</i> ) - 900 MHz - - 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. 2012 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 teratogenic effects (prenatal and postnatal development) 2,450 MHz 0.08–4 W/kg 2 h/day, 6 days/week for 18 days デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi
Tsybulin O et al. 2012 動物, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), 全身: embryo <i>in ovo</i> number of somites in the embryos the 38 h exposed group; survival rate and hatchability of chicks, oxidative stress in brain, liver and heart in the 14 days exposed group 890–915 MHz 0.79 W/kg continuous for 38 h デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 低レベルマイクロ波
Zhu C et al. 2011 動物, rat/Wistar (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Lyaginskaja AM et al. 2010 - - - - - RF, 発生源は不明
Takahashi S et al. 2010 動物, rat/Crl:CD(SD), 全身 effects on rat dams and their offspring (teratogenicity and embryo toxicity) 2.14 GHz 0.04–0.16 W/kg continuous for 20 hr/day from day 7 of gestation until weaning of F1 rats 携帯電話, 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム
Fragopoulou AF et al. 2010 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 teratogenicity, foetal development 900 MHz 0.6–0.94 W/kg continuous for 6 min/day or 30 min/day during 5 days before and during the whole pregnancy 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW　パルス波
Moghimi A et al. 2009 動物, mouse/BALB/c - - - - GSM, 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波, RF
Lee HJ et al. 2009 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 teratogenicity (mortality, growth retardation, head size, morphological malformations) 848.5 MHz 2–7.13 W/kg continuous 2 times 45 min/day, separated by 15 min, throughout gestation (17 days) 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF
Ogawa K et al. 2009 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD IGS, 身体の一部: head embryogenesis 1.95 GHz 0.11–7 W/kg 90 min/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム
Ruggiero M et al. 2004 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 - - - continuous for 3 h 静磁界, MRI
Pyrpasopoulou A et al. 2004 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 expression and localization of bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors 9.4 GHz 500 nW/g continuous during days 1-3 postcoitum GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波
Jiang ML et al. 2003 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Xenos TD et al. 2003 動物, mouse/Bulb/c/f; Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix Japonica</i>); chicken eggs of the strain KOBB; rat, 全身 development during prenatal exposure 95 MHz 189 µW/kg–5.655 mW/kg continuous for 6 months RF, マイクロ波, UHF電磁界, ラジオ／TV送信機, TV 放送 (VHF/UHF), FM 放送（UKW）
Gagnon ZE et al. 2003 動物, mouse/Swiss Webster, 全身 embryo development 0 Hz–25 MHz - exposure started on the 18th day of pregnancy; one week later, offspring was born and maintained together with their mothers for 21 days. After that, only the mothers were left to continue for another 4 weeks. EMF全般
Okazaki R et al. 2001 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身: <i>in utero</i> - - - continuously for 2 days 静磁界, MRI
Gu Y et al. 2001 動物, mouse/ICR (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI, 非EMF, 共ばく露
Nelson BK et al. 2001 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 teratogenicity 10 MHz 800 µW/g–7.9 mW/g continuous; 20 + 60 min RF, CW　連続波
Chew S et al. 2001 動物, CBA/C57 F1 mouse, 全身: in utero - - 3–7 µW/g continuous MRI
Cobb BL et al. 2000 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 teratogenicity/ontogeny 0.1–1 GHz 45 mW/kg repeated daily exposure for 2 min, see add. information マイクロ波パルス, UWB/WB
Nelson BK et al. 1999 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 teratogenicity 10 MHz 0.8–8 W/kg 20 min (to raise the temperature from its normal baseline to 41°C) plus 60 min RF
Nelson BK et al. 1998 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD-VAF/Plus, 全身 teratogenicty 10 MHz 800 µW/g–8 mW/g 2 or 4 h RF, CW　連続波
Nelson BK et al. 1997 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 teratogenicity 10 MHz 800 µW/g–6.6 mW/g ca. 30 min to raise the animal`s colonic temperature from 38°C to 42°C, then additional 10 min exposure to maintain the temperature at 42°C RF
Klug S et al. 1997 rat embryo culture teratogenicity 150 MHz 0.2–5 W/kg continuous for 36 h デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF
Koldayev VM et al. 1997 無脊椎動物, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</i>), 全身 embryogenesis 450 MHz - continuous for 5-20 min RF
Magras IN et al. 1997 動物, mouse/BALB/c/f, 全身 teratogenicity 88.5–950 MHz 1.936 µW/g 5 pregnancies 移動体通信システム, RF, ラジオ／TV送信機, TV 放送 (VHF/UHF), FM 放送（UKW）, AMラジオ送信機, SW 放送 (KW)
Nelson BK et al. 1997 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 teratogenicity 10 MHz 0.8–7.9 W/kg continuous for 2, 4 or 6 h RF
Saito K et al. 1995 - - 428 MHz - - RF, CW　連続波
Rofsky NM et al. 1994 動物, mouse/CD-1, 全身 - - - - MRI, 共ばく露, 非EMF
Nelson BK et al. 1994 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 teratogenicity (malformations of fetuses) 10 MHz 800 µW/g–6.6 mW/g 0, 10, 20 or 30 min RF, CW　連続波
Yip YP et al. 1994 動物, chicken/White Leghorn, 全身: <i>in ovo</i> - 15–200 Hz - continuous for 6 h RF, 静磁界, MRI
Pafkova H et al. 1994 動物, chicken (embryo), 全身 - 50 Hz - see remark* 50/60 Hz (AC), therapeutic/medical device
Tyndall DA 1993 動物, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> - - - 36 min/day from day 7 to day 14 of gestation 静磁界, MRI
Berman E et al. 1992 - - 970 MHz 70 µW/g–4.8 mW/g - RF, マイクロ波
Behr KP et al. 1991 動物, chicken embryos, 全身: <i>in ovo</i> - - - - RF, 静磁界, MRI
Nelson BK et al. 1991 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, 全身 teratogenicity 10 MHz 0.8–6.6 W/kg until the rectal temperature increased to 42°C and a moderate incidence of external malformations were produced; total exposure time ca. 1 h RF, CW　連続波
Tyndall DA et al. 1991 動物, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> - 64 MHz - continuous for 36 min. on gestational day 7 RF, 静磁界, MRI
Spiers DE et al. 1991 - - 2.45 GHz 3.3–15.2 W/kg 8 h/day for 1 to 15 days マイクロ波, CW　連続波, 2.45 GHz
Saito K et al. 1991 動物, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, 全身 lethal and teratogenic effects 428 MHz 3.1–47.1 mW/kg continuous during incubation for more than 20 days RF
Tyndall DA 1990 動物, mouse/C57BL/6J, 全身: <i>in utero</i> - - - - RF, 静磁界, MRI, 共ばく露, 非EMF
Prasad N et al. 1990 動物, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), 全身: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - 1 hr RF, 静磁界, MRI
Kay HH et al. 1988 動物, embryos of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (African clawed frog), 全身: <i>in ovo</i> - 64 MHz - - MRI
Heinrichs WL et al. 1988 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 - 15–400 Hz - continuous for 16 h RF, 静磁界, MRI, 非EMF
Clark MW et al. 1987 - - 2.45 GHz 4 nW/g first 12 days of embryogeny (incubation) マイクロ波, CW　連続波, 2.45 GHz
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 動物, mouse/NMRI, 全身 - - - continuous for 18 days 静磁界, MRI
Marcickiewicz J et al. 1986 - - 2.45 GHz 4–16 W/kg 2 h/day on days 1-18 of gestation. マイクロ波, CW　連続波, 2.45 GHz
Roux C et al. 1986 - - 434 MHz - 15 min. マイクロ波, 共ばく露
Tofani S et al. 1986 - - 27.12 MHz - continuous -