Mobile phone related articles are
Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Savchenko L et al. | 2023 | animal, mouse/Swiss Webster | - | 915 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, microwaves |
Maalouf J et al. | 2023 | animal, C57BL/6J mouse | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, CW continuous wave, RF field |
Koohestanidehaghi Y et al. | 2023 | animal, mouse/NMRI (embryo) | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Ergun DD et al. | 2023 | intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Islam MS et al. | 2023 | animal, chicken eggs (Indian River) | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G |
Jooyan N et al. | 2024 | intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Brooks AM et al. | 2024 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 1.8 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM, RF field |
Hasbek Z et al. | 2024 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, W-LAN/WiFi |
Er H et al. | 2024 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, UMTS |
Whitehead TD et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | <i>c-Fos</i> mRNA expression | 835.62 MHz | 5.2–10 W/kg | continuous for 4 days | CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, mobile communications |
Finnie JW | 2005 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6NTac, whole body | <i>c-fos</i> expression in the brain (to assess neural injury) | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | continuous for 60 min | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Karaca E et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes | 10.715 GHz | 0.725 W/kg | continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/ Wistar, whole body | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body | DNA strand breaks, changes in chromatin conformation, gene expression | 915 MHz | 0.4 mW/g | continuous for 2 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Kim HN et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture, MCF10 A cells (human breast epithelial cells) | Expression of the proteins Hsp27 and ERK1/2 and analysis of its phosphorylated forms | 837 MHz | 2–4 W/kg | continuous for 4 h once or 2 h/day on 3 days | mobile phone, CDMA, W-CDMA, mobile communications |
Dogan M et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | brain metabolism, oxidative stress, histopathology and apoptosis in the brain | 1.9 Hz–2.2 GHz | - | every day two times 20 min (1x talking, 1x listening mode) from day 2 to day 21 | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, HEI-OC1 cells (immortalized mouse auditory hair cells) | cell cycle, DNA damage, stress response, and gene expression | 1,763 MHz | 20 W/kg | continuous for 24 h and 48 h | mobile communications, mobile phone, CDMA |
Duranti G et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) | cell proliferation, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.04–0.08 W/kg | continuous for 18 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Ni S et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, human eye lens epithelial cells (HLE B3) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 2–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 minutes field "on"/10 minutes field "off") for up to 24 hours | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | cellular and molecular changes (e.g. DNA damage, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression) | 1,762.5 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, for 1, 2, or 3 days | digital mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications |
Cervellati F et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | connexin gene expression and protein expression, protein localization and cell ultrastructure | 1,817 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM, PW pulsed wave |
Cervellati F et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | connexin, integrin and estrogen receptor expression, cell ultrastructure, localization of estrogen receptor | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Siqueira EC et al. | 2016 | human | cytokine expression in parotid gland saliva | - | - | up to 200 minutes per month for up to 10 years | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, ES R1 cells (mouse embryonic stem cells) | different effects (e.g. different transcript levels, genotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, mobile communications, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Woelders H et al. | 2017 | animal, chicken/Leghorn (eggs), whole body | embryonic development | 1.8 GHz | 0.38–0.45 mW/kg | 22 days | mobile communications, GSM, UMTS, TDMA, FDMA, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi |
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture | expression and activating of p53 protein | 900 MHz | 4–32 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Pyrpasopoulou A et al. | 2004 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | expression and localization of bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors | 9.4 GHz | 500 nW/g | continuous during days 1-3 postcoitum | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Morrissey JJ et al. | 1999 | animal, mouse/BALB/c, partial body: head | expression of c-<i>fos</i> (a proto-oncogene) | 1.6 GHz | 6.42–26.29 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | IRIDIUM, mobile communications |
Ivaschuk OI et al. | 1997 | intact cell/cell culture, P12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells) | expression of the immediate early genes encoding c-<i>jun</i> and c-<i>fos</i> | 836.55 MHz | 2.6 µW/g | intermittent, 20 min on/off, for 20, 60 and 100 min | NADC, TDMA, mobile communications |
Nylund R et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, EA.hy926 cells and EA.hy926v1 cells | gene and protein expression | 900 MHz | 2.8 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Whitehead TD et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | gene expression | 835.62 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | CDMA, FDMA, mobile communications |
Qutob SS et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, U87MG (human glioblastoma cells) | gene expression | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 4 h | digital mobile phone, mobile communications |
Chauhan V et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) and Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) | gene expression | 1.9 GHz | 1–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 6 h | digital mobile phone, mobile communications |
Remondini D et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells), EA.hy926 cells (human endothelial cells), NB69 cells (human neuroblastoma cells), CHME5 cells (human microglial cells), U937 cells (monocytic lymphoblastoma cells), and T lymphocytes | gene expression | 900 MHz | 1–2.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 24 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Whitehead TD et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | gene expression | 835.62 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | digital mobile phone, CDMA, FDMA, mobile communications |
Zhao R et al. | 2007 | intact cell/cell culture | gene expression | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 24 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Chauhan V et al. | 2007 | intact cell/cell culture, U87MG (human glioblastoma cells); Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) | gene expression | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | digital mobile phone, mobile communications |
Paparini A et al. | 2008 | animal, mouse/BALB/c/J, whole body | gene expression | 1,805.2 MHz | 0.2–6.05 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Engelmann JC et al. | 2008 | plant, plant cell suspension cultures of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> | gene expression | 1.9 GHz | 0.75–2 W/g | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, CDMA, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves |
Roux D et al. | 2011 | intact cell/cell culture, normal human epidermal keratinocytes | gene expression | 900 MHz | 2.6–73 mW/kg | continuous for 10 min | mobile phone, mobile communications, CW continuous wave |
Sakurai T et al. | 2011 | intact cell/cell culture, human astroglial cells SVGp12 | gene expression | 2.45 GHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 1, 4 or 24 h | mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Nittby H et al. | 2008 | animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body | gene expression and gene ontology analysis for cortex and hippocampus | 1,800 MHz | 13–30 mW/kg | continuous for 6 h | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM |
Valbonesi P et al. | 2014 | intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells (pheochromocytoma cell line from rat adrenal gland) | gene expression and protein expression of Hsp70 and mitogen-activated protein kinase | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 4, 16, and 24 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Chen G et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture, yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>)/S288C | gene expression in yeast | 50 Hz | 4.7 W/kg | continuous for 6 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Liu Y et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, Raji cells (human Burkitt lymphoma cells) | gene expression of EBV-EA (early antigen) | 900 MHz | 0.02 mW/g | continuous for 4 h every day up to 4 weeks | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Zhao TY et al. | 2007 | intact cell/cell culture, murine primary neurons and astrocytes cultures | gene expression of apoptosis-associated genes | 1,900 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Czyz J et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture, pluripotent R1 embryonic stem cells, wild-type D3 and p53-deficient; embryonic carcinoma cells of line P19 | gene expression, cell differentiation, cell cycle phase, and proliferation | 1.71 GHz | 0.4–16 W/kg | intermittent, 5/30 min On/Off cycles for 6 or 48 hours | GSM, mobile communications |
Pacini S et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture, human skin fibroblasts | gene expression, cell morphology | 902.4 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Sekijima M et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells), H4 (neuroglioma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | gene expression, cell proliferation | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 24 hr to 96 hr | mobile phone base station, W-CDMA, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave |
Gurisik E et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH) and monocytes cell line (U937) | gene expression, cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.2 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
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