Mobile phone related articles are
Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bisht KS et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | formation of micronuclei | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 3, 8,16, or 24 h | CDMA, FDMA, mobile communications |
Tice RR et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA and chromosomal damage | 837 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 3 or 24 h | GSM, CDMA, TDMA, mobile communications |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage; formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, PCS, mobile communications, microwaves |
Hansen V et al. | 1996 | DNA/RNA, bacterium, virus/bacteriophages, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2, WP2uvrA, W575 | effects on biological material (enzyme activity, survival of bacteriophages, and DNA damage) | 900 MHz | 11.75–87 mW/kg | continuous for about 100 days or about 30 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Zeni O et al. | 2003 | intact cell/cell culture | incidence of micronuclei, cell cycle kinetics | 900 MHz | 0.2–1.6 W/kg | intermittent; 6 min on/3 h off, 14 on/off cycles of exposure, altogether 44 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Diem E et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, GFSH-R17 (transformed rat granulosa cells) and human diploid fibroblasts | DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 1.2–2 W/kg | continuous for 4, 16 and 24 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Aitken RJ et al. | 2005 | animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, whole body | DNA damage in spermatozoa | 900 MHz | 90 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 12 h/day for 7 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Gorlitz BD et al. | 2005 | animal, mouse/B6C3F1, whole body | induction of micronuclei | 902–1,747 MHz | 0.33–33.2 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for 5 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Scarfi MR et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (micronucleus formation), cell cycle kinetic | 900 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Gurbuz N et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | micronucleus formation in exfoliated bladder cells | 1,800 MHz | 0.23 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months | GSM, mobile communications |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, ES R1 cells (mouse embryonic stem cells) | different effects (e.g. different transcript levels, genotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, mobile communications, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Gos P et al. | 2000 | yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/RS112<sup>a</sup>, RSY6 S35/2-10C, WDHY907<sup>b</sup> (ARG+ revertant; <i>CAN1</i> encodes the arginine permease), FY3<sup>c</sup> | mutagenesis and genomic stability (mutation rate and deletions) | 900 MHz | 0.13–1.3 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Sykes PJ et al. | 2001 | animal, mouse/pKZ1(transgenic, with beta-galactosidase gene (<i>lacZ</i>)), whole body | intrachromosomal recombination, inversion frequency | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 30 min/day for 1, 5 or 25 days (5 days/week) | GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Luukkonen J et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, co-exposure |
Zhijian C et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, HMy2.CIR (human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage and DNA repair | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for up to 28 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave |
Zhijian C et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage and DNA repair | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off, for 24 hr | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, co-exposure |
Duan W et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage | 50 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent 5 min field on and 10 min field off for 24 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Stronati L et al. | 2006 | blood samples | chromosome aberrations, comet assay, formation of micronuclei, sister chromatid exchange | 935 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure |
d'Ambrosio G et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture | chromosome damage, cell proliferation | 1.748 GHz | 2.25–5.02 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Zeni O et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood leukocytes | occurence of DNA damages | 900 MHz | 0.3–1 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Baohong W et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage | 1.8 GHz | 3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Markova E et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture | chromatin conformation, analysis of tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and of phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX) | 905–915 MHz | 37 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body | DNA strand breaks, changes in chromatin conformation, gene expression | 915 MHz | 0.4 mW/g | continuous for 2 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Sarimov R et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture | chromatin conformation | 895–915 MHz | 5.4 mW/kg | continuous for 30 min or 1 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture | chromatin conformation and 53BP1 foci formation (DNA damage), apoptosis | 50 Hz | 37 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, 50/60 Hz |
Maes A et al. | 2001 | intact cell/cell culture | chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange | 900 MHz | 0.4–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2003 | animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head | formation of micronuclei | 1.6 GHz | 0.077–1.6 W/kg | 2 h/day, 7 days/week,starting on day 19 of gestation and lasting until the offspring reached an age of 3 weeks | IRIDIUM, mobile communications |
Choi J et al. | 2020 | intact cell/cell culture | - | 1.7 GHz | - | - | LTE, mobile communications |
Sannino A et al. | 2024 | V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | LTE, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
Takahashi S et al. | 2002 | animal, mouse/Big Blue (BBM, transgenic for the <i>lac</i>I marker gene in lambda phage; C57BL/6 background), partial body: head | mutation frequency | 1.5 GHz | 0.27–2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 4 weeks | PDC, TDMA, mobile communications |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage and formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | TDMA, mobile communications |
Cain CD et al. | 1997 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 and UV/TDT10e (10e) cells (mouse fibroblast cells) | <i>in vitro</i> carcinogenesis/focus formation | 836.55 MHz | 0.15–15 µW/g | 20 min on - 20 min off, 24 h/day for 28 days | TDMA, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells | DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis | 1,950 MHz | 10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, W-CDMA, mobile communications |
Sakuma N et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | DNA damage | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 2 or 24 hours | UMTS, mobile communications |
Falone S et al. | 2018 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | UMTS, mobile communications |
Moraitis N et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | DNA damage in cells | 1,966 MHz | - | continuous for 10 minutes | UMTS, mobile communications, CW continuous wave |
Al-Serori H et al. | 2017 | intact cell/cell culture, U87 and U251 (human glioblastoma cell lines) | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | UMTS, mobile communications, RF field |
Romeo S et al. | 2020 | blood samples | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | W-CDMA, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, co-exposure |
Juutilainen J et al. | 2007 | animal, mouse/CBA/S and transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, whole body | formation of micronuclei | 849 MHz | 0.35–1.5 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks | analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, NMT, D-AMPS, mobile communications |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | chromosome damage | 834 MHz | 1.23 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 8.5 h/day, throughout pregnancy | analog mobile phone, mobile communications |
Maes A et al. | 2000 | blood samples | chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchan | 455.7 MHz | 6.5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | analog mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, TDMA, mobile communications |
Verschaeve L et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | DNA damage | 900 MHz | 0.3–0.9 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 24 months | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Speit G et al. | 2007 | intact cell/cell culture, ES-1 (human diploid fibroblasts) and V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 1, 4, 18, and 24 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Valbonesi P et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | comet assay, gene and protein expression | 1,817 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Cam ST et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture, human, partial body: right ear | DNA single-strand breaks | 900 MHz | 0.974 W/kg | continuous for 15 min or 30 min | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Waldmann P et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes | DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 0.2–10 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 28 hours | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Franzellitti S et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | DNA damage | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on / 10 min off - for 4 hr, 16 hr or 24 hr | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, AM amplitude modulation, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2011 | intact cell/cell culture, amniotic cells | genomic instability (aneuploidy) | 900 MHz | 4–32 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand, whole body | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
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