Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azimzadeh M et al. | 2024 | 動物 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Kim JH et al. | 2024 | 動物, mouse/ICR | - | 1,850 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, RF |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Drecun M et al. | 1990 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 身体の一部: head | EEG | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous for two weeks; started on the sixth day after birth | マイクロ波, PW パルス波, 2.45 GHz |
Kramarenko AV et al. | 2003 | ヒト, 身体の一部: ear | EEG | 100 MHz | - | - | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Noor NA et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/albino | amino acid neurotransmitter levels in different brain areas | 900 MHz | 1.165 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for up to 4 months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Merritt JH et al. | 1984 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身: in utero | brain development | 2.45 GHz | 400 µW/g | repeated daily exposure, 24 h/day for 16 days | マイクロ波, PW パルス波, 2.45 GHz |
Kumlin T et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | brain development | 900 MHz | 0.3–3 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 5 weeks | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Aslan A et al. | 2017 | 動物, 全身 | cerebellar morphology | 900 MHz | 0.01 W/kg | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Albert EN et al. | 1981 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | density of Purkinje cells in developing rat brains | 100 MHz | 2–2.77 mW/g | 21 h/day for 5 days | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Albert EN et al. | 1981 | 動物, squirrel monkey (<i>Saimiri sciureus</i>), 全身 | density of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar uvula | 2.45 GHz | 3.4 mW/g | 3 h/day from the thirty-fifth day of gestation + 9.5 months after birth | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Ushiyama A et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley | effects on blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability | 1.5 GHz | 0.5–10.4 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | PDC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Haghani M et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | electrical activity of Purkinje cells, cerebellum-related behaviour | 900 MHz | 0.5–0.9 W/kg | 6 h/day during whole gestation | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Razavinasab M et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | electrophysiological changes of pyramidal cells, learning and memory | 900 MHz | 0.3–0.9 W/kg | 6 h/day during gestation | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Leung S et al. | 2011 | ヒト, 身体の一部: left/right hemisphere | event-related potentials and performance during oddball paradigma and n-back task | 894.6 MHz | 0.7–1.7 W/kg | continuous for 55 min | GSM, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Ait-Aissa S et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | gliosis and apoptosis in the brains of young rats | 2.45 GHz | 0.08–9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks (day 6 to day 21 of gestation) or 7 weeks (day 6 to day 21 of gestation + 5 weeks after birth) | RF, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Inaloz SS et al. | 1997 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | histological changes of the brain of the dams and their offspring | 2.45 GHz | 2.3 mW/g | NIR15: 15 min/day, NIR30: 30 min/day from gestation to day of birth (21st or 22nd day after gest.) | マイクロ波, 電子レンジ/加熱装置 |
Odaci E et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: maternal head | histopathology of the hippocampus, number of granule cells in the dentate gyrus | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | 60 min/day, from the first to the last day of gestation | 移動体通信システム |
Jing J et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身: antenna close to the ear | level of neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in the brain | - | 0.9 W/kg | 3 times per day (3 x 10, 30 or 60 min) for 20 days during gestation | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Othman H et al. | 2017 | 動物, 全身 | mental development and oxidative stress in brain of rat pups | 2.45 GHz | - | - | W-LAN/WiFi, RF, 2.45 GHz |
Paulraj R et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | morphological changes and protein kinase C enzyme activity in the developing rat brain | 2.45 GHz | 0.11 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 35 days | マイクロ波パルス, 2.45 GHz |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | neural structure of the hippocampus, learning and spatial memory | 900 MHz | 1.15 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for 28 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF |
Erdem Koc G et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), 身体の一部: head of mothers | neuron number in hippocampus of offspring | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | 1 hour/day from the 1st to the 21st day of gestation | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF, 共ばく露 |
Bas O et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | neuronal development of hippocampus (number and histopathological changes of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis) | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous during gestation (19 days) | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2010 | 動物, mouse/Swiss albino, 全身 | number of Purkinje cells and granule cells in the developing cerebellum | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 hr/day - 11 hr + 45 min. in stand-by mode, 15 min. in talking mode - for 19 - 20 days druing gestation | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/Swiss albino, 全身 | number of pyramidal cells in the Cornu Ammonis | 890–915 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | 12 hr/day for 19 - 20 days (gestation period) + 20 days after birth (female offspring only) | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Krause CM et al. | 2006 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | oscillatory EEG responses during cognitive processing in children | 902 MHz | 1.4–1.98 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Furtado-Filho OV et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat, 全身 | oxidative damages of DNA, proteins and lipids in the cortex | 950 MHz | 0.35–1.32 W/kg | continuous for 30 min/day from the first day of gestation until birth | UHF電磁界 |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 1.58 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h/day for 28 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Orendacova J et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | postnatal neurogenesis | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h on postnatal day 7 or day 28 | マイクロ波, PW パルス波, 2.45 GHz |
Croft RJ et al. | 2010 | ヒト, 身体の一部: left/right hemisphere | resting EEG (alpha waves) | 894.6 MHz | 0.7–1.7 W/kg | continuous for 55 min | GSM, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Watilliaux A et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 身体の一部: head (mainly) | stress reaction and glial activation in the immature brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.13–2.5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h on postnatal day 5, 15 or 35 | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Saikhedkar N et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | structure and function of the rat brain and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.99 W/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 15 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Loughran SP et al. | 2013 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | waking EEG, cognitive performance | 900 MHz | 0.35–1.4 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
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