Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, murine L929 fibroblast cells | cell proliferation and apoptosis | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | 1 h and 24 h for ODC measurement, 24 h for proliferation measurement, 1 h for caspase-3 activity measurement | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | cellular and molecular changes (e.g. DNA damage, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression) | 1,762.5 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, for 1, 2, or 3 days | デジタル携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Palumbo R et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes | apoptosis | 900 MHz | 1.35–10.8 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Odaci E et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: maternal head | histopathology of the hippocampus, number of granule cells in the dentate gyrus | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | 60 min/day, from the first to the last day of gestation | 移動体通信システム |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) | cell proliferation, cell death | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kim TH et al. | 2008 | 動物, mouse/C57BL, 身体の一部: head | effects on the brain (cell proliferation, cell death / apoptosis, distribution of neurons and glia cells) | 849 MHz | 1.55–7.8 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or 12 months | デジタル携帯電話, PCS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Buttiglione M et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cell viability | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 5, 15, 30 min, 6 or 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Pavicic I et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | cell proliferation, cell viability, colony forming ability | 864 MHz | 0.08 W/kg | continuous for 1, 2 or 3 hr | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波 |
Sannino A et al. | 2006 | human blood sample | cell viability | 1,950 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Lantow M et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) | cell cycle (cell cycle phase, proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis) | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 12 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Gurisik E et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH) and monocytes cell line (U937) | gene expression, cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.2 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hirose H et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | apoptosis, cellular stress response | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 24 or 48 h | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Merola P et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, LAN-5 (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell proliferation; apoptosis, cell differentiation | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 24, 48 and 72 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Duranti G et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) | cell proliferation, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.04–0.08 W/kg | continuous for 18 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Aksoy U et al. | 2005 | protozoa/parasites, <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Entamoeba dispar</i> | growth of <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Entamoeba dispar</i> | 900 MHz | - | intermittent, 60 s/h for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES R1細胞(マウス胚性幹細胞) | 異なる影響(例:異なる転写レベル、遺伝毒性、転写、アポトーシス、細胞毒性、ミトコンドリア機能) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 50/60 Hz (AC), 送電線 |
Babincová M et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, rat glioblastoma cells (C6) | - | 960 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, GSM, 磁界, 非EMF |
Naarala J et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, 酵母細胞株(<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>), 哺乳類の細胞(L929、SH-SY5Y、ラット初代星状膠細胞) | オルニチンデカルボキシラーゼ活性, 細胞周期動態、細胞増殖、アポトーシス | 50 Hz | 6 W/kg | continuous for 1 to 24 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM, 50/60 Hz (AC), 送電線 |
Capri M et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | mitochondrial functionality, proliferation; cell cycle progression; spontaneous/induced apoptosis | 900 MHz | 70–76 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day during 48 h or 72 h of culture | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Czyz J et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, pluripotent R1 embryonic stem cells, wild-type D3 and p53-deficient; embryonic carcinoma cells of line P19 | gene expression, cell differentiation, cell cycle phase, and proliferation | 1.71 GHz | 0.4–16 W/kg | intermittent, 5/30 min On/Off cycles for 6 or 48 hours | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Markkanen A et al. | 2004 | yeast in culture (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/strains KFy417 (wild type) and KFy437 (cdc48 mutant)), mutant yeast strain (carries an allel which leads to formation of apoptosis at elevated temperatures) | apoptosis and cell survival | 872 MHz | 0.4–3 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Cranfield C et al. | 2003 | 細菌, <i>Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum</i> | cell mortality | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 16 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
d'Ambrosio G et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome damage, cell proliferation | 1.748 GHz | 2.25–5.02 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Velizarov S et al. | 1999 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, transformed human epithelial amnion cells (AMA) | cell proliferation | 960 MHz | 2.1 µW/g | continuous for 30 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
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