Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gorlitz BD et al. | 2005 | 動物, mouse/B6C3F1, 全身 | induction of micronuclei | 902–1,747 MHz | 0.33–33.2 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for 5 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ziemann C et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/B6C3F1/CrlBR, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 902 MHz | 0.14–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/weeks for 2 years (see also add. information for exp. setup) | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Zahedifar Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c | - | 940 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波, 共ばく露 |
Khalil AM et al. | 2011 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in serum, brain and spleen) | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | 30 min/day for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Takahashi S et al. | 2002 | 動物, mouse/Big Blue (BBM, transgenic for the <i>lac</i>I marker gene in lambda phage; C57BL/6 background), 身体の一部: head | mutation frequency | 1.5 GHz | 0.27–2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 4 weeks | PDC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Juutilainen J et al. | 2007 | 動物, mouse/CBA/S and transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 849 MHz | 0.35–1.5 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks | アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, NMT, D-AMPS, 移動体通信システム |
Aitken RJ et al. | 2005 | 動物, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, 全身 | DNA damage in spermatozoa | 900 MHz | 90 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 12 h/day for 7 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Jiang B et al. | 2012 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | DNA damage (alkali labile sites and DNA single-strand breaks) | 900 MHz | 548 mW/kg | continuous for 4 hours/day for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 無線送信機, 共ばく露 |
Zong C et al. | 2015 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | DNA damage in leukocytes, oxidative stress and antioxidative status in plasma, liver and lung | 900 MHz | 50 mW/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 7 days | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, 共ばく露 |
Sykes PJ et al. | 2001 | 動物, mouse/pKZ1(transgenic, with beta-galactosidase gene (<i>lacZ</i>)), 全身 | intrachromosomal recombination, inversion frequency | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 30 min/day for 1, 5 or 25 days (5 days/week) | GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身 | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Hussein S et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat | changes and damage in the rat brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 120 min/day for three months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | DNA strand breaks, changes in chromatin conformation, gene expression | 915 MHz | 0.4 mW/g | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | DNA damage in the rat brain | 900 MHz | 0.5838–0.6672 mW/kg | 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 低レベルマイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | cognitive function, Hsp70 protein expression and DNA damage in the rat brain | 900 MHz | 0.5853–0.6672 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 180 days | 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | Hsp70 protein expression and DNA damage, learning and spatial memory | 900 MHz | 0.5835–0.6672 mW/kg | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波, 低レベルマイクロ波, W-LAN/WiFi, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身, 身体の一部: head | formation of micronuclei | 1.6 GHz | 0.077–1.6 W/kg | 2 h/day, 7 days/week,starting on day 19 of gestation and lasting until the offspring reached an age of 3 weeks | IRIDIUM, 移動体通信システム |
Alkis ME et al. | 2019 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900–2,100 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM |
Khalil AM et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hanci H et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身: <i>in utero</i> | DNA damage in plasma, apoptosis, histopathological changes and oxidative stress in testis | 900 MHz | - | 1 h/day from 13th to 21st day of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Gurbuz N et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | micronucleus formation | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 20 min./day, 5 days/week during 1 month | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Gurbuz N et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | micronucleus formation in exfoliated bladder cells | 1,800 MHz | 0.23 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on testis and sperms | 1,910.5 MHz | 0.0226–1.34 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Sahin D et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative DNA damage in the brain | 2,100 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Verschaeve L et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage | 900 MHz | 0.3–0.9 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 24 months | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | chromosome damage | 834 MHz | 1.23 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 8.5 h/day, throughout pregnancy | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Trosic I et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage | 915 MHz | - | 1 hour/day, 7 days/week for 2 weeks | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Houston BJ et al. | 2019 | 動物, 全身 | - | 905 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Kumar G et al. | 2015 | 単離された臓器, rat bones (femur and tibia) | - | 900 MHz | 2–12.4 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Qureshi ST et al. | 2017 | 植物 | - | 900 MHz–3.31 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, 無線送信機 |
Chandel S et al. | 2019 | 植物 | - | 2,350 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界 |
Sharma S et al. | 2023 | 植物 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Sharma A et al. | 2024 | 植物 | - | 800–2,300 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話基地局 |
Pesnya DS et al. | 2013 | 植物, <i>Allium ceps</i> (bulbs) | - | 890–915 MHz | 1.4 W/kg | continuous for 3 h/day on 3 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Gustavino B et al. | 2016 | 植物, broad bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) (seedlings), 全身 | micronuclei in secondary root tips | 915 MHz | 0.4–1.6 W/kg | continuous for 72 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波 |
Chandel S et al. | 2019 | 植物, onion (<i>Allium cepa</i>) | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界 |
Maes A et al. | 1996 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | sister chromatid exchange | 954 MHz | 1.5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Maes A et al. | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange | 900 MHz | 0.4–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
d'Ambrosio G et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome damage, cell proliferation | 1.748 GHz | 2.25–5.02 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Tice RR et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA and chromosomal damage | 837 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 3 or 24 h | GSM, CDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Mashevich M et al. | 2003 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | loss and gain of chromosome 17; aneuploidy | 830 MHz | 2–8.2 W/kg | continuous for 72 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Antonopoulos A et al. | 1998 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | frequency of sister-chromatid exchange, velocity of cell cycle | 380 MHz | 82.9–1,700 mW/kg | continuous for 48, 52, 56, 64, and 68 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Eberle P et al. | 1996 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | mutations in genes and chromosomes, cell proliferation | 440 MHz | - | continuous for 70, 50, or 39 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM, C-Net |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage and formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage; formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, PCS, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Zeni O et al. | 2003 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | incidence of micronuclei, cell cycle kinetics | 900 MHz | 0.2–1.6 W/kg | intermittent; 6 min on/3 h off, 14 on/off cycles of exposure, altogether 44 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
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