Mobile phone related articles are
Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stagg RB et al. | 2001 | animal, rat/Fischer 344, partial body: head | stress response | 1.6 GHz | 0.6–5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | digital mobile phone, IRIDIUM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Laszlo A et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, HeLa S3 (human cervical carcinoma cell line); hamster ovary HA-1 fibroblasts; C3H 10T1/2 (mouse fibroblast cells) | stress response (DNA-binding activity of heat-shock factor) | 835.62 MHz | 0.6–5 W/kg | continuous for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min or 24 h | CDMA, FDMA, mobile communications, microwaves |
Hook GJ et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture, J774.16 (mouse macrophage cells) | oxidative stress | 835.62 MHz | 800 µW/g | continuous for 20 to 22 h | CDMA, mobile communications, CW continuous wave |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | oxidative metabolism in the brain | 834 MHz | 0.86–0.98 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 7.5 h per day, for 6 days | analog mobile phone, mobile communications |
Kesari KK et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | oxidative stress and metabolism in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, FDMA, TDMA, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Al-Damegh MA | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | histopathological alterations in the testis, oxidative stress in blood and testis | 900–1,900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 15, 30 or 60 min/day during 14 days | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Ghoneim FM et al. | 2016 | animal, rat/albino, whole body | histology and oxidative stress of the parotid glands | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | 4 hours/day for 30 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Meral I et al. | 2007 | animal, guinea pig, whole body | different blood vitamin levels, oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 h/day (11 h 45 min stand-by mode, 15 min speaking mode) on 30 days | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field |
Imge EB et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | oxidative stress and purine metabolism in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | 4 weeks - mobile phone in stand-by mode, called four times a day for 10 min. | mobile communications, digital mobile phone |
Saikhedkar N et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | structure and function of the rat brain and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.99 W/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 15 days | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Yu Y et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) | protein expression of heat shock proteins, activation (phosphorylation) of mitogen-activated protein kinases | 1.8 GHz | 1 W/kg | up to 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, TDMA, mobile communications |
Yao K et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation | 30–90 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 24 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Liu K et al. | 2014 | intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | - | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 24 hours (5 min on and 10 min off) | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Miyakoshi J et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) | activation of stress response genes | 1,950 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 2 h | mobile communications |
Chauhan V et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, TK6 cells (lymphoblastoma cells) | cellular stress response | 1.9 GHz | 1–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 6 h | digital mobile phone, mobile communications |
Özgüner F et al. | 2005 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | oxidative stress-induced renal impairment | 900 MHz | 1.04 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day for 10 days | mobile communications, mobile phone |
El Nabarawy NA et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | oxidative stress in liver and kidney of rats | 900 MHz | 1.075 W/kg | 1 hour/day for 60 days | mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Bilgici B et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | oxidative stress in brain and serum | 850–950 MHz | 1.08 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for 3 weeks | mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Khalil AM et al. | 2014 | human, partial body: right ear | oxidative stress in saliva | 1,800 MHz | 1.09 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Abu Khadra KM et al. | 2015 | human, partial body: head | antioxidative parameters in the saliva | 1,800 MHz | 1.09 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Balci M et al. | 2007 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | effects on oxidant/antioxidant balance in cornea and eye lens | 900 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | intermittent, 4 x 10 min/day, for 4 weeks | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Devrim E et al. | 2008 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | oxidative stress in blood, heart, kidney, liver and ovaries | 900 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | 4 times a day for 10 minutes in speak mode for 4 weeks (otherwise in standby mode) | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Nirwane A et al. | 2016 | animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>, AB wild type strain), whole body | behavior of zebrafish and oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 1.34 W/kg | for 1 hour/day for 14 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Zmyslony M et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture, rat lymphocytes | intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species | 930 MHz | 1.5 W/kg | continuous for 5 or 15 min | mobile communications, mobile phone, CW continuous wave |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 1.58 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h/day for 28 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Marjanovic AM et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | continuous for 10, 30 and 60 minutes | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Khirazova EE et al. | 2012 | animal, white rat, whole body | behavior in open field test, antioxidant defense system | 905 MHz | 1.67 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Dawe AS et al. | 2008 | invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>/PC72 (transgenic, with reporter gene construct encoding beta-galactosidase under control of <i>hsp16</i> heat shock promotor), whole body | expression of heat shock protein | 1.8 GHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 2.5 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand, whole body | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Leszczynski D et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture, EA.hy926 cells | activation of signal transduction pathways and induction of cellular stress response (expression status of heat shock protein 27 and p38MAPK) | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Simko M et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) | stress protein expression and free radical release | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 60 min | GSM, mobile communications |
Koyu A et al. | 2005 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | oxidative stress-induced liver impairment | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, for 30 days | digital mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves |
Lantow M et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture | stress response (reactive oxygen species production; HSP70 expression) | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous or intermittent (5 min on/off) for 30 or 45 min | GSM, mobile communications |
Sanchez S et al. | 2007 | intact cell/cell culture, normal human epidermal keratinocytes and normal human dermal fibroblasts | stress response (expression of heat shock proteins and apoptosis) | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 48 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Xu S et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture | oxidative DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off - for 24 hr | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave |
Kang KA et al. | 2014 | intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), U87 (human glioma cells), PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | mobile phone, CDMA, W-CDMA, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Lee JS et al. | 2016 | intact cell/cell culture, HT22 (mouse hippocampus neuronal cells) | cytotoxicity | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | mobile phone, CDMA, W-CDMA, mobile communications, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Hong MN et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture, MCF10 A cells (human breast epithelial cells) | oxidative stress | 837 MHz | 2–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | mobile phone, CDMA, W-CDMA, mobile communications |
Ni S et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, human eye lens epithelial cells (HLE B3) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 2–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 minutes field "on"/10 minutes field "off") for up to 24 hours | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves |
Nakatani-Enomoto S et al. | 2016 | intact cell/cell culture, human spermatozoa | sperm motility and oxidative stress | 1,950 MHz | 2–6 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour | mobile phone, W-CDMA, mobile communications |
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. | 2011 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line), U87 (human astrocytoma cells), CHME5 (human microglial cells), and primary cortical neuron cultures | oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species) | 1,800 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 h or 24 h | GSM, mobile communications, AM amplitude modulation, PW pulsed wave |
Sanchez S et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, human reconstructed epidermis using human keratinocytes, normal human epidermal keratinocytes and normal human dermal fibroblasts | cell stress response | 900 MHz | 2–16 W/kg | continuous for 48 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Lee JS et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (T lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) and rat primary astrocytes | cellular stress response | 1,762.5 MHz | 2–20 W/kg | continuous for 30 min or 1 h | digital mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications |
Sanchez S et al. | 2008 | animal, rat/hairless, partial body: right part of the back | Heat shock protein expression | 900 MHz | 2.4–5.8 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Finnie JW et al. | 2006 | animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body | neural stress of fetal brain | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 60 min/day from day 1 to day 19 of gestation | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Finnie JW et al. | 2007 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6NTac, whole body | <i>c-fos</i> expression in the brain (to assess stress response) | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 104 weeks | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Finnie JW et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body | stress response (induction of heat shock proteins) in fetal brain | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | 60 min/day from day 1 to day 19 of gestation | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, PW pulsed wave |
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