Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calabro E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) | 1,760 MHz | 0.086 W/kg | continuous for 2 h and 4 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Rosado MM et al. | 2014 | 動物, mouse/C57BL/6Thy1<sup>b</sup>Igh<sup>b</sup> (wild type B/6), 全身 | hematopoietic precursor cell differentiation and proliferation in thymus and spleen (ability of bone marrow precursor cells to colonize lymphoid organs and to differentiate in mature T cells and B lymphocytes) | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day and 5 days/week for 4 weeks | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Yang L et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts) | neoplastic promotion: cell morphology and cell proliferation <i>in vitro</i>; cancer promoting activity <i>in vivo</i> | 916 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h/day every day, until cells lost their contact inhibition (up to 8 weeks) | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波 |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Cao Y et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SHG44 cells (human glioma cells) | oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h/day on 3 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Atasoy A et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | cell surface antigenic structures, cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis | 450 MHz | - | continuous for 2 hr, 6 hr or 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Sannino A et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lymphocytes | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 1,950 MHz | 0.3 W/kg | continuous for 20 hours | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Kwee S et al. | 1998 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, 形質転換ヒト上皮羊膜細胞(AMA) | 細胞増殖 | 50 Hz | 0.021–2.1 mW/kg | continuous for 20, 30 and 40 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Fitzner R et al. | 1995 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human leukemia cells HL-60 | growth behaviour of leukemia cells | 900 MHz | 80 mW/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Sannino A et al. | 2006 | human blood sample | cell viability | 1,950 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, PC-12 cells | DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis | 1,950 MHz | 10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Sekijima M et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells), H4 (neuroglioma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | gene expression, cell proliferation | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 24 hr to 96 hr | 携帯電話基地局, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Hirose H et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | apoptosis, cellular stress response | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 24 or 48 h | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Merola P et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, LAN-5 (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell proliferation; apoptosis, cell differentiation | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 24, 48 and 72 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Velizarov S et al. | 1999 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, transformed human epithelial amnion cells (AMA) | cell proliferation | 960 MHz | 2.1 µW/g | continuous for 30 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Stagg RB et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C<sub>6</sub> glioma cell line and normal rat glial cells | DNA synthesis and cell proliferation | 836.55 MHz | 0.15–59 µW/g | continuous for 4 and 24 h | NADC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress, proliferation and apoptosis in thymocytes, genotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.043–0.135 W/g | continuous for 4 hours/day on 20, 40 or 60 consecutive days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Buttiglione M et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cell viability | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 5, 15, 30 min, 6 or 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu ML et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, primary cortical neurons (of rat) | cell viability and cell death of neurons | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 6 x 2 h/day on 2 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Eberle P et al. | 1996 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | mutations in genes and chromosomes, cell proliferation | 440 MHz | - | continuous for 70, 50, or 39 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM, C-Net |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kim DH et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, BEAS-2B (human bronchial epithelial cells) | wound healing capacity of human bronchial epithelial cells | 1.8 GHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for up to 65 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Chen C et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, embryonic neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) | differentiation, cell growth and cell viability of neural stem cells | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 1 to 3 days (5 min field on, 10 min field off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES R1細胞(マウス胚性幹細胞) | 異なる影響(例:異なる転写レベル、遺伝毒性、転写、アポトーシス、細胞毒性、ミトコンドリア機能) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 50/60 Hz (AC), 送電線 |
Czyz J et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, pluripotent R1 embryonic stem cells, wild-type D3 and p53-deficient; embryonic carcinoma cells of line P19 | gene expression, cell differentiation, cell cycle phase, and proliferation | 1.71 GHz | 0.4–16 W/kg | intermittent, 5/30 min On/Off cycles for 6 or 48 hours | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Aksoy U et al. | 2005 | protozoa/parasites, <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Entamoeba dispar</i> | growth of <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Entamoeba dispar</i> | 900 MHz | - | intermittent, 60 s/h for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Capri M et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | mitochondrial functionality, proliferation; cell cycle progression; spontaneous/induced apoptosis | 900 MHz | 70–76 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day during 48 h or 72 h of culture | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kim TH et al. | 2008 | 動物, mouse/C57BL, 身体の一部: head | effects on the brain (cell proliferation, cell death / apoptosis, distribution of neurons and glia cells) | 849 MHz | 1.55–7.8 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or 12 months | デジタル携帯電話, PCS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | cellular and molecular changes (e.g. DNA damage, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression) | 1,762.5 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, for 1, 2, or 3 days | デジタル携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
French PW et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human astrocytoma cell line U-87MG | cell proliferation, cell morphology | 864.3 MHz | 8.96 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 3 x 20 min/day (at 4-h intervals), for 7 days | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Del Vecchio G et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, primary cortical neurons (of rat) and cholinergic SN56 cell line | cell viability, cell proliferation, and cytotoxicity (cell vulnerability) | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | up to 144 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
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