Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laszlo A et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HeLa S3 (human cervical carcinoma cell line); hamster ovary HA-1 fibroblasts; C3H 10T1/2 (mouse fibroblast cells) | stress response (DNA-binding activity of heat-shock factor) | 835.62 MHz | 0.6–5 W/kg | continuous for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min or 24 h | CDMA, FDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Hook GJ et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, J774.16 (mouse macrophage cells) | oxidative stress | 835.62 MHz | 800 µW/g | continuous for 20 to 22 h | CDMA, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波 |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative metabolism in the brain | 834 MHz | 0.86–0.98 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 7.5 h per day, for 6 days | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress and metabolism in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, FDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Al-Damegh MA | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | histopathological alterations in the testis, oxidative stress in blood and testis | 900–1,900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 15, 30 or 60 min/day during 14 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Ghoneim FM et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/albino, 全身 | histology and oxidative stress of the parotid glands | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | 4 hours/day for 30 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Meral I et al. | 2007 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | different blood vitamin levels, oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 h/day (11 h 45 min stand-by mode, 15 min speaking mode) on 30 days | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界 |
Imge EB et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress and purine metabolism in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | 4 weeks - mobile phone in stand-by mode, called four times a day for 10 min. | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話 |
Saikhedkar N et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | structure and function of the rat brain and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.99 W/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 15 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Yu Y et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) | protein expression of heat shock proteins, activation (phosphorylation) of mitogen-activated protein kinases | 1.8 GHz | 1 W/kg | up to 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Yao K et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation | 30–90 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu K et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | - | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 24 hours (5 min on and 10 min off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Miyakoshi J et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) | activation of stress response genes | 1,950 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 2 h | 移動体通信システム |
Chauhan V et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, TK6 cells (lymphoblastoma cells) | cellular stress response | 1.9 GHz | 1–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 6 h | デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Özgüner F et al. | 2005 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | oxidative stress-induced renal impairment | 900 MHz | 1.04 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day for 10 days | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
El Nabarawy NA et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in liver and kidney of rats | 900 MHz | 1.075 W/kg | 1 hour/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Bilgici B et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress in brain and serum | 850–950 MHz | 1.08 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for 3 weeks | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Khalil AM et al. | 2014 | ヒト, 身体の一部: right ear | oxidative stress in saliva | 1,800 MHz | 1.09 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Abu Khadra KM et al. | 2015 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | antioxidative parameters in the saliva | 1,800 MHz | 1.09 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Balci M et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on oxidant/antioxidant balance in cornea and eye lens | 900 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | intermittent, 4 x 10 min/day, for 4 weeks | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Devrim E et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in blood, heart, kidney, liver and ovaries | 900 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | 4 times a day for 10 minutes in speak mode for 4 weeks (otherwise in standby mode) | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Nirwane A et al. | 2016 | 動物, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>, AB wild type strain), 全身 | behavior of zebrafish and oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 1.34 W/kg | for 1 hour/day for 14 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zmyslony M et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, rat lymphocytes | intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species | 930 MHz | 1.5 W/kg | continuous for 5 or 15 min | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, CW 連続波 |
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