Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lindholm H et al. | 2011 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head (right ear) | head temperature | 902.4 MHz | 0.66–4.3 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Tomruk A et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | oxidative stress induced liver damage (hepato-toxicity: DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde level) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身 | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Finnie JW et al. | 2006 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | neural stress of fetal brain | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 60 min/day from day 1 to day 19 of gestation | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Shallom JM et al. | 2002 | 動物, chicken/White Leghorn, 全身 | heat shock protein production | 30–90 Hz | 1.75–2.5 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | マイクロ波 |
Fukui Y et al. | 1992 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | mouse brain development | 2.45 GHz | 480 mW/g | 15 or 20 min on day 13 of gestation | マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Preskorn SH et al. | 1978 | 動物, mouse/CFW, 全身 | longevity/survival | 2.45 GHz | 35 mW/g | 20 min/day during days 11 to 14 of gestation and 19 th to 54 th day post-partum | マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Jamakosmanovic A et al. | 1981 | - | - | 2,450 MHz | - | not specified | マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Braithwaite LA et al. | 1993 | - | - | - | - | - | マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Galvin MJ et al. | 1982 | - | - | 2.45 Hz | 4.03 nW/g | 12 days | マイクロ波, CW 連続波 |
Hamnerius Y et al. | 1979 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, 全身 | frequency of induced somatic mutations | 2.45 GHz | 100 W/kg | continuous for 6 h | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Spiers DE et al. | 1987 | 動物, rat/albino (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>), 全身 | thermoragulatory responses | 2.45 GHz | - | 4h/day for 10 days | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Galvin MJ et al. | 1981 | - | - | 2.45 Hz | 4.03 nW/g | first 12 days of embryogeny | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Gildersleeve RP et al. | 1988 | 動物, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), 全身: eggs (<i>in ovo</i>) | cell death or injury | 2.45 GHz | 4.03 nW/g | first 12 days of artifical breeding | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Smialowicz RJ et al. | 1979 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
de Gannes FP et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar WI, 全身 | teratogenic effects, immunological processes | 2,450 MHz | 0.16 W/kg | continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 30 days | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Grigoriev YG et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar WI, 全身 | teratogenic effects, immunological processes | 2,450 MHz | 0.16–9.9 W/kg | continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week for 30 days | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Rusnani A et al. | 2008 | - | - | 650 MHz | - | - | マイクロ波, RF電磁界 |
Peyman A et al. | 2009 | - | - | - | - | - | マイクロ波, 無線送信機 |
Di Carlo A et al. | 2002 | 動物, ニワトリ胚/White Leghorn, 全身 | ストレス応答(HSP70誘導), 低酸素症 | 60 Hz | 1.7 W/kg | continuous for 30 min or 4 days, or repeated daily exposure for 20, 30 or 60 min, once or twice daily, for 4 days | マイクロ波, 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Surrell JA et al. | 1987 | - | - | - | - | - | マイクロ波, 電子レンジ/加熱装置 |
Chang YW et al. | 2023 | - | - | - | - | - | マイクロ波, 電子レンジ/加熱装置, 2.45 GHz |
Tungjitwitayakul J et al. | 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | マイクロ波, 電子レンジ/加熱装置, 非EMF |
Habauzit D et al. | 2020 | - | - | 94 GHz | - | - | ミリ波 |
Chalfin S et al. | 2002 | 動物, rhesus monkey (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>), 身体の一部: eye | effects on eye/ocular examination | 35 GHz | - | 1.5 s to 5 s | ミリ波, PW パルス波 |
Shakina LA et al. | 2018 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (eggs) | - | 0 Hz–36.94 GHz | - | - | ミリ波, 静磁界 |
Rezk AY et al. | 2008 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head of the mother | fetal and neonatal heart rate and cardiac output | 900 MHz | - | 10 min | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kwon MS et al. | 2010 | ヒト, 身体の一部: left and right side of the head (temporal area) | event-related potentials/mismatch negativity, auditory sensory memory of children | 902 MHz | 0.82–1.21 W/kg | 6 min blocks, 3 blocks on one ear - then 3 blocks on the other ear; each three block sequence consisted of one block EMF off, 2 blocks EMF on | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Aydin B et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma | 900 MHz | 0.28–0.78 W/kg | continuous for 2h/day on 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ozgur E et al. | 2013 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身: prenatal and/or postnatal | blood parameters, lipid peroxidation | 1,800 MHz | - | 15 min/day for 7 days in pregnant animals (between 15th and 22nd day of gestation), for 7 days in female infants and for 14 days in male infants | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Seckin E et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | - | 900 MHz | - | 1 h/day starting on the 12th day of pregnancy until 21 days after delivery | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Nisbet HO et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Yuksel M et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900–2,450 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Bastide M et al. | 2001 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs) and chicks, mouse/C57BL/6 j RJ, 全身 | cancer in mice, hormone levels in chicken and mice, antibody levels in chicken, mortality in chicken embryos | 900 MHz | - | continuous for up to 15 weeks | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), PC/TVモニタ, 遮蔽/電磁界の減衰 |
Bhargav H et al. | 2017 | ヒト | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Lerchl A et al. | 2015 | 動物, mouse/C3H/HeNCrl x C57Bl/6N, 全身 | number, size and morphology of tumors in different tissues | - | 0.04–2 W/kg | continuous for 23.3 h per day, 7 days per week, starting <i>in utero</i> up to 72 weeks | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Shirai T et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | fertility, development, brain functions and morphology of major organs of rats | 2.14 GHz | 0.034–0.244 W/g | continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Choi SB et al. | 2014 | ヒト | - | 1,950 MHz | 1.57 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 個人用 |
Kayabasoglu G et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) | 900–1,800 MHz | 0.851–0.934 W/kg | continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Cetin H et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | oxidative stress and concentration of diverse chemical elements (see methods) in brain and liver of young rats | 900 MHz | 0.001–1.1 W/kg | 1 hour per day, starting <i>in utero</i> until the age of 4, 5, or 6 weeks | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Turedi S et al. | 2015 | 動物, ラット/SD, 全身 | 心臓の酸化ストレスおよび組織学 | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Bedir R et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), 全身 | development of kidneys | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 20 days during pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Shivashankara AR et al. | 2015 | ヒト | - | - | - | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Hanci H et al. | 2015 | 動物, ラット/SD, 全身 | 脾臓および胸腺での酸化ストレスおよび組織学 | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day between days 13 and 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Yilmaz A et al. | 2017 | 動物 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kerimoglu G et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | morphology and oxidative stress in the heart | 900 MHz | 0.0093 W/kg | 1 h/day between postnatal days 21 and 59 | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Yakymenko I et al. | 2018 | 動物, Japanese quail eggs | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Zareen N et al. | 2009 | 動物, chicken embryos/Desi (eggs), 全身 | effects on the eye: retinal differentiation | 1,800 MHz | - | 15 min twice daily for up to 15 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
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