Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken (embryo), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | see remark* | 50/60 Hz (AC), therapeutic/medical device |
Veicsteinas A et al. | 1996 | 動物, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs); rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day upto 8 days (total exposure of 70 hrs) | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Pafkova H et al. | 1996 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 共ばく露 |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1998 | 動物, マウス/CBA/Ca, 全身 | 胚及び胎児の発達 | 50 Hz | - | continuous, 24 hrs/day from day 0 to day 18 of gestation period. | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 中間周波 |
Sienkiewicz ZJ et al. | 1994 | 動物, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Portet R et al. | 1988 | 動物, rat/Long-Evans and rabbit, 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 8 h/day for 4 weeks | 電界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Michel A et al. | 1999 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 30 min | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 共ばく露, 発生源は不明 |
Juutilainen J et al. | 1987 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Skauli KS et al. | 2000 | 動物, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | from 2 h after fertilization until hatching or from 48 h after fertilization until hatching | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2000 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Huuskonen H et al. | 2001 | マウス胚, マウス/CBA/s | マウス胚の発生 | 50 Hz | - | from 8 h after ovulation to blastocyst stage | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Negishi T et al. | 2002 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) | - | 50 Hz | - | intermittent; 22h/day | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Roda-Moreno JA et al. | 2003 | 動物, chicken embryos, 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 15 days | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Rajendra P et al. | 2004 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | neurotransmitter levels in the brain and tissue damage in chicken embryos | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 5, 10 and 15 days | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2004 | 受精した鶏卵 | 催奇形性/胚発生 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h | 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Grimaldi S et al. | 2004 | 動物, アフリカツメガエル(<i>Xenopus laevis</i>)(オタマジャクシ), 全身 | オタマジャクシの生存及び変態率 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 65 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shi Y et al. | 2005 | 動物, マウス/CD-1, 全身 | 胚発生(胚の<i>c-fos</i> mRNAの発現) | 50 Hz | - | continuous from gestation day 5.5 to gestation day 8.5 | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Roda-Murillo O et al. | 2005 | 動物, <i>Gallus domesticus</i>(ニワトリ;Leghorn HR7品種)の受精卵 | 催奇形性(体重及び頭蓋/頭部発達) | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 15 or 21 days | 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Kuzna-Grygiel W et al. | 2005 | 無脊椎動物, ブタ回虫(<i>Ascaris suum</i>)の受精卵 | 胚発生 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 60 days | 50/60 Hz (AC), 送電線 |
Winnicki A et al. | 2004 | 動物, 魚/カワカマス(<i>Esox lucius</i>)(卵) | 胚の運動 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 30 min | 磁界, 静磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Okudan B et al. | 2006 | 動物, ラット/Wistarアルビノ, 全身 | 骨含量及び骨密度 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 28 days; from day 7 of gestation to 14 days post delivery | 電界, 静電界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Komazaki S et al. | 2007 | 動物, アカハライモリ/<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i>(胚), 全身 | 胚発生 | 50 Hz | - | 5 days | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2007 | 動物, ニワトリ胚, 全身 | 脳及び眼の発生 | 50 Hz | - | 24 h continuous | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2009 | 動物, ニワトリ胚/White Leghorn, 全身 | 鶏卵の肝臓における組織病理学的及び超微細構造の変化及び奇形 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hr | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Severini M et al. | 2010 | 動物, <i>Xenopus laevis</i> のオタマジャクシ, 全身 | オタマジャクシの発達及び催奇形性作用 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 60 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2000 | 動物, ニワトリ胚(卵)/White Leghorn, 全身 | 催奇形性作用 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hr | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Grefner NM et al. | 1998 | 動物, tadpoles of <i>Rana temporaria</i> L., 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Severini M et al. | 2010 | 動物, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>の卵及びオタマジャクシ, 全身 | オタマジャクシの発達及び催奇形性作用 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 22 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Roda O et al. | 2011 | 動物, <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (ニワトリ;Leghorn HR7変種)の受精卵 | 胚発達 | 50 Hz | - | 1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 信号/パルス, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Lahijani MS et al. | 2011 | 動物, ニワトリ胚/White Leghorn(卵), 全身 | ニワトリ胚の脳における組織病理学及びアポトーシスのプロセス、異常 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h before incubation | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Bayat PD et al. | 2011 | 動物, マウス/NMRI, 全身 | 胚発生(脾臓の発達) | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 10 h/day on 5 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Borhani N et al. | 2011 | 動物, マウス/NMRI, 全身 | 胚盤胞での細胞死(DNA断片化), 雌マウスの生殖能力 | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 4 h/day, 6 days/week for 2 weeks | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 1999 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Tayefi H et al. | 2010 | 動物, ラット/ Wistar系(胚及び新生ラット), 全身 | 心臓への影響:心筋損傷(酸化ストレス、アポトーシス、組織学的評価) | 50 Hz | - | 4 hours/day for 7 days/week (during pregnancy and until postnatal day 20) | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Lahijani MS et al. | 2013 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | effects on the spleen | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hours | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2013 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | embryonic heart development | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Pawlak K et al. | 2013 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | cardiac work and morphometric parameters, level of thyroid hormones | 50 Hz | - | continuous from the first to the last day of incubation (up to 21 days) | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Li Y et al. | 2014 | 動物, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>), 全身 | hatching rate, mortality, malformation, and apoptosis | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 96 hours | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Bekhite MM et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, embryoid bodies made of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE), 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | embryonic development of mice | 50 Hz | - | 8 hours/day for up to 20 days during gestation | 磁界, 静磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), DC |
Bayat PD et al. | 2012 | 動物, mouse/NMRI, 全身 | number and quality of blastocysts | 50 Hz | - | continuously for 48 hours | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Fey DP et al. | 2019 | 動物, 全身 | embryogenesis and development of rainbow trout larvae | 50 Hz | - | for 36 days (from eyed egg stage to approximately 26 days post hatching) | 磁界, 静磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Youbicier-Simo BJ et al. | 1997 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs) and chickens after hatching, 全身 | - | 50–80 Hz | - | continuous for 47 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 中間周波, 50/60 Hz (AC), PC/TVモニタ |
Terol FF et al. | 1995 | 動物, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), 全身 | - | 50–100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 hrs | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Severini M et al. | 2003 | 動物, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, 全身 | - | 50 Hz–15.797 kHz | - | 12 h/day from day 3 untill metamorphosis | 磁界, 中間周波, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 2000 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 55–65 Hz | - | on - off at intervals from 0.1s to 50 s for 20 min | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Farrell JM et al. | 1997 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Rommereim DN et al. | 1990 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | intermittent; 19h/day, 7days/week | 電界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Sikov MR et al. | 1987 | 動物, ブタ/ハンフォードミニブタ, 全身 | 胎児の奇形、発達、重量及び大きさ, 仔の数、体重、大きさ、成長及び健康状態 | 60 Hz | - | 20 h/day, 7 days/week | 電界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Farrell JM et al. | 1998 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 8, 15, 17, 20, 23, or 26 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
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