The exposure system was based on the reference article with some modifications. It consisted of six round ventilated tubes mounted circularly and two (?) mobile phones in the middle on top of them.
Aufbau
Rats were confined in the tubes with their heads directed towards the antennas of the mobile phones. Mobile phones were activated by calling each other.
Zusatzinfo
Rats were divided into four exposure groups: EMR, EMR + Gb (Gingko biloba), Gb only, and controls. Control and Gb only groups were subjected to the same conditions except that the mobile phones were turned off.
Hidisoglu E et al.
(2016):
2100-MHz electromagnetic fields have different effects on visual evoked potentials and oxidant/antioxidant status depending on exposure duration.
Furtado-Filho OV et al.
(2015):
Effects of chronic exposure to 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on reactive oxygen species metabolism in the right and left cerebral cortex of young rats of different ages.
Ragy MM
(2015):
Effect of exposure and withdrawal of 900-MHz-electromagnetic waves on brain, kidney and liver oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in male rats.
Narayanan SN et al.
(2014):
Evaluation of oxidant stress and antioxidant defense in discrete brain regions of rats exposed to 900 MHz radiation.
Bilgici B et al.
(2013):
Effect of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on oxidative stress in rat brain and serum.
Dogan M et al.
(2012):
Effects of electromagnetic radiation produced by 3G mobile phones on rat brains: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, biochemical, and histopathological evaluation.
Kerman M et al.
(2012):
Oxidative stress in hippocampus induced by 900 MHz electromagnetic field emitting mobile phone: protection by melatonin.
Avci B et al.
(2012):
Oxidative stress induced by 1.8 GHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiation and effects of garlic extract in rats.
Esmekaya MA et al.
(2011):
900 MHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative stress on heart, lung, testis and liver tissues.
Esmekaya MA et al.
(2011):
Mutagenic and morphologic impacts of 1.8 GHz radiofrequency radiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hPBLs) and possible protective role of pre-treatment with Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761).
Imge EB et al.
(2010):
Effects of mobile phone use on brain tissue from the rat and a possible protective role of vitamin C - a preliminary study.
Güler G et al.
(2010):
The effect of radiofrequency radiation on DNA and lipid damage in non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits and their newborns.
Tomruk A et al.
(2010):
The influence of 1800 MHz GSM-like signals on hepatic oxidative DNA and lipid damage in nonpregnant, pregnant, and newly born rabbits.
Xu S et al.
(2010):
Exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in primary cultured neurons.
Naziroglu M et al.
(2009):
Modulator effects of L-carnitine and selenium on wireless devices (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress and electroencephalography records in brain of rat.
Dasdag S et al.
(2009):
Effect of mobile phone exposure on apoptotic glial cells and status of oxidative stress in rat brain.
Sokolovic D et al.
(2008):
Melatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure of microwave radiation from mobile phones in rat brain.
Meral I et al.
(2007):
Effects of 900-MHz electromagnetic field emitted from cellular phone on brain oxidative stress and some vitamin levels of guinea pigs.
Elhag MA et al.
(2007):
Effects of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the oxidant and antioxidant status of rats.
Ferreira AR et al.
(2006):
Oxidative stress effects on the central nervous system of rats after acute exposure to ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields.
Koylu H et al.
(2006):
Melatonin modulates 900 Mhz microwave-induced lipid peroxidation changes in rat brain.
Irmak MK et al.
(2002):
Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a cellular telephone on the oxidant and antioxidant levels in rabbits.
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