Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adey WR et al. | 1999 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身, 身体の一部: head | CNS tumors | 836.55 MHz | 1–1.4 W/kg | continuous for about 25 days, see add. information | NADC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Adey WR et al. | 2000 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身, 身体の一部: head | CNS tumors | 836.55 MHz | 0.27–1.2 W/kg | continuous for about 25 days, see add. information | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波 |
Anderson LE et al. | 2004 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身, 身体の一部: head (from day 35 of age through 2 years) | がん | 1.62 GHz | 0.06–1.6 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for about 27 days | 移動体通信システム, IRIDIUM |
Topsakal S et al. | 2017 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi |
Odaci E et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley, 全身 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | RF電磁界 |
Bedir R et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), 全身 | development of kidneys | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 20 days during pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Cheever KL et al. | 2001 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | metabolism in maternal animals and embryos (2-Methoxyethanol metabolism, embryonic distribution, and macromolecular adduct formation) | 10 MHz | 0.8 W/kg–6.6 mW/g | continuous for 50 min | RF電磁界 |
Shirai T et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | fertility, development, brain functions and morphology of major organs of rats | 2.14 GHz | 0.034–0.244 W/g | continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Kerimoglu G et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | morphology and oxidative stress in the heart | 900 MHz | 0.0093 W/kg | 1 h/day between postnatal days 21 and 59 | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kizilay A et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 身体の一部: snout | hearing level; evoked otoacoustic emissions | 900 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Shojaeifard MB et al. | 2018 | 動物, rat/Wistar | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Krivova NA et al. | 2024 | 動物, rat/Wistar | - | 2.4 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話基地局, 5G |
de Gannes FP et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar WI, 全身 | teratogenic effects, immunological processes | 2,450 MHz | 0.16 W/kg | continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 30 days | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Grigoriev YG et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar WI, 全身 | teratogenic effects, immunological processes | 2,450 MHz | 0.16–9.9 W/kg | continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week for 30 days | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Kıran D et al. | 2017 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, 携帯電話 |
Ozorak A et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | oxidative stress (kidney and testis) and level of trace elements (kidney) | 900 MHz | 0.18–1.2 W/kg | 60 min/day (5 days/week) during gestation and up to 6 weeks following delivery | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Sangun O et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | growth and development of young rats | 2.45 GHz | 0.143 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day during gestation until birth and after weaning until puberty | RF電磁界, PW パルス波, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Cetin H et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | oxidative stress and concentration of diverse chemical elements (see methods) in brain and liver of young rats | 900 MHz | 0.001–1.1 W/kg | 1 hour per day, starting <i>in utero</i> until the age of 4, 5, or 6 weeks | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Seckin E et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | - | 900 MHz | - | 1 h/day starting on the 12th day of pregnancy until 21 days after delivery | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ciftci ZZ et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 身体の一部: head | development and composition of teeth in young rats | 2.45 GHz | 9 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h/day during gestation (21 days) and up to 21 after birth | W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Ulubay M et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Mathur R | 2008 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | threshold of pain, nociceptive behavior | 73.5 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | 2 h/day for 45 days | RF電磁界, AM 振幅変調 |
Kayabasoglu G et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) | 900–1,800 MHz | 0.851–0.934 W/kg | continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | chromosome damage | 834 MHz | 1.23 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 8.5 h/day, throughout pregnancy | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Aydin B et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma | 900 MHz | 0.28–0.78 W/kg | continuous for 2h/day on 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ait-Aissa S et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | screening of immune markers (antibodies) directed against 15 different antigens related to damage and/or pathological markers | 2.45 GHz | 0–9 W/kg | continuous 2h/day, 5 days/week from day 6 to 21 of gestation (pregnant dam) and from day 1 to 35 (pups) postnatal | W-LAN/WiFi |
Pelletier A et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | food intake, sleep and thermoregulatory processes | 900 MHz | 0.1–0.3 mW/kg | continuous for 23.5 h/day, 7 days/week for 5 weeks | RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Spiers DE et al. | 1987 | 動物, rat/albino (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>), 全身 | thermoragulatory responses | 2.45 GHz | - | 4h/day for 10 days | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Chalfin S et al. | 2002 | 動物, rhesus monkey (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>), 身体の一部: eye | effects on eye/ocular examination | 35 GHz | - | 1.5 s to 5 s | ミリ波, PW パルス波 |
Di Carlo A et al. | 2002 | 動物, ニワトリ胚/White Leghorn, 全身 | ストレス応答(HSP70誘導), 低酸素症 | 60 Hz | 1.7 W/kg | continuous for 30 min or 4 days, or repeated daily exposure for 20, 30 or 60 min, once or twice daily, for 4 days | マイクロ波, 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Buchner K et al. | 2014 | 動物, ブタ (German Landrace (雌) およびGerman Landrace x Pietrain (子ブタ)), 全身 | 雌ブタの繁殖力および子ブタの奇形発生率 | 900 MHz | - | continuous | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Turedi S et al. | 2015 | 動物, ラット/SD, 全身 | 心臓の酸化ストレスおよび組織学 | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Hanci H et al. | 2015 | 動物, ラット/SD, 全身 | 脾臓および胸腺での酸化ストレスおよび組織学 | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day between days 13 and 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Falcioni L et al. | 2018 | 動物, 全身 | brain and heart tumors | 1,835 MHz | 0.001–0.1 W/kg | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話基地局, GSM |
Okatan DÖ et al. | 2019 | 動物, 全身 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Zhang Y et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, primary cortical neurons (of rat) | - | 2.45 GHz | 6 W/kg | - | RF電磁界, 2.45 GHz |
Vargová B et al. | 2021 | 無脊椎動物 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界 |
Galal FH et al. | 2022 | 無脊椎動物 | - | 900–1,900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, GSM, 4G, 携帯電話 |
Nik Abdull Halim NMH et al. | 2024 | 無脊椎動物 | - | 900 MHz–18 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 5G, ミリ波, RF電磁界 |
Shakina LA et al. | 2018 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (eggs) | - | 0 Hz–36.94 GHz | - | - | ミリ波, 静磁界 |
Hamnerius Y et al. | 1979 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, 全身 | frequency of induced somatic mutations | 2.45 GHz | 100 W/kg | continuous for 6 h | マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Vilic M et al. | 2017 | 無脊椎動物, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), 全身 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, AM 振幅変調 |
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