Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, amniotic cells | genomic instability (aneuploidy) | 900 MHz | 4–32 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身 | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Pesnya DS et al. | 2013 | 植物, <i>Allium ceps</i> (bulbs) | - | 890–915 MHz | 1.4 W/kg | continuous for 3 h/day on 3 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Khalil AM et al. | 2011 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in serum, brain and spleen) | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | 30 min/day for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Perrin A et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) | DNA damage (comet assay and gamma-H2AX assay) | 1,800 MHz | 2–16 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波, 共ばく露 |
Sannino A et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 1 h or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 共ばく露 |
Baohong W et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | comet assay | 1.8 GHz | 3 W/kg | continuous for 1.5 h or 4 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Yao K et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation | 30–90 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Hintzsche H et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) and human-hamster hybrid (A<sub>L</sub>) cells | genomic damage and mitotic disturbances | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 30 min (both cell types) or 22 h (A<sub>L</sub> cells only) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human peripheral blood lymphocytes | mutation rate, cell viability and cell morphology of human peripheral blood lymphocytes | 1.8 GHz | 0.21 W/kg | continuous for 6, 8, 12 and 48 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, PW パルス波, 共ばく露 |
Manti L et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome aberrations | 1.95 GHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | micronucleus formation | 1,950 MHz | 0.15–1.25 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Zeni O et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | formation of micronucleus during different cell cycle stages | 1,950 MHz | 2.2 W/kg | intermittent, 6 min on/2 h off, for 24, 44, or 24 + 44 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Schwarz C et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES-1, IH-9, HW-2 (human diploid fibroblasts) and lymphocytes | formation of micronuclei | 1,950 MHz | 0.05–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Levengood WC | 1987 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | - | - | - | continuous | デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 静磁界 |
Gandhi G et al. | 2005 | ヒト, 全身 | DNA and chromosome damage | 800–2,000 MHz | 0.59–1.56 W/kg | 1 h - 15 h per day for 1 year to 5 years | 携帯電話, GSM, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Banerjee S et al. | 2016 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | genotoxicity in oral mucosa | - | - | mobile use for less than 5 years and less than 3 hours a week | 携帯電話, GSM, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Gläser K et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 900–2,535 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, UMTS, LTE, 移動体通信システム |
Belyaev I et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, mesenchymal stem cells and primary cultures of human fibroblasts (VH-10) | DNA double-strand breaks and double-strand break repair (53BP1 foci formation) | 905 MHz | 37–39 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h, 2 h or 3 h | 携帯電話, GSM, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, amniotic cells | chromosomal damage, chromosome aberrations | 900 MHz | 0.25–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Khalil AM et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Trosic I et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage | 915 MHz | - | 1 hour/day, 7 days/week for 2 weeks | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Xu S et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), primary newborn rat astrocytes, human amniotic epithelial cells, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC), human skin fibroblasts | DNA damage, DNA double strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 3 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h or 24 h (5 min "on", 10 min "off") | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Gorpinchenko I et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm parameter | 900–1,800 MHz | - | intermittent every 10 minutes for 5 hours (standby mode with outgoing calls every 10 minutes) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zuo WQ et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, spiral ganglion neurons of rat | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sun C et al. | 2016 | - | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Mokarram P et al. | 2017 | 動物 | - | - | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sannino A et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 900 MHz | 1.25–10 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Luukkonen J et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, reactive oxygen species production | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h for the ROS production experiment; continuous for 3 hr for the comet assay experiment | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Xu S et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | oxidative DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off - for 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波 |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage | - | 0.585–0.813 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波, 共ばく露 |
Schrader T et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, FC2 cells (human-hamster hybrid (AL)) cells | spindle disturbance | 900 MHz | 10.7–17.2 mW/kg | continuous for 0.5 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 電界, 磁界 |
Gajski G et al. | 2009 | whole blood samples | DNA damage and protective effect of honeybee venom | 915 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Wang X et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Neuro-2a (mouse neuroblastoma) cells | DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2013 | blood samples | micronuclei formation | 2,450 MHz | 10.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波, 2.45 GHz, 職業的, 共ばく露 |
Sannino A et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lymphocytes | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 1,950 MHz | 0.3 W/kg | continuous for 20 hours | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Sahin D et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative DNA damage in the brain | 2,100 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Gandhi G et al. | 2005 | ヒト, 全身, 身体の一部: head | DNA damage (chromosome aberration and micronuclei formation) | - | 0.1–1.92 W/kg | 2.16 hr/day - 16 hr/day for up to 5 years | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
De Iuliis GN et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm motility, sperm vitality, sperm density, DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species | 1.8 GHz | 0.4–27.5 W/kg | continuous for 16 hr | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Tkalec M et al. | 2013 | 無脊椎動物, earthworm (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>), 全身 | genotoxicity, oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.13–9.33 mW/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Souza LCM et al. | 2014 | ヒト, 身体の一部 | nuclear abnormalities | 850–1,900 MHz | 0.344–1.38 W/kg | > 5 hours mobile phone use per week | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Speit G et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1.3–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off for 24 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on testis and sperms | 1,910.5 MHz | 0.0226–1.34 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Daroit NB et al. | 2015 | - | - | - | - | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
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