Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yan JG et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | mRNA synthesis (gene expression) of several injury-associated proteins | 800 MHz | 0.9–1.8 W/kg | 2 times 3 hr / day (with 30 min rest period between exposures), on 7 days/week for 18 weeks | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, CDMA |
Balmori A et al. | 2007 | 動物, house sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>), 全身 | number of house sparrows | 1 MHz–3 GHz | - | 3 years and 8 months | 携帯電話基地局, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, マイクロ波 |
Paredi P et al. | 2001 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | skin temperature, NO, and nasal resistence | 900 MHz | - | 30 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Aslan A et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | fracture healing | 900 MHz | 8 mW/kg | 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Ozorak A et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | oxidative stress (kidney and testis) and level of trace elements (kidney) | 900 MHz | 0.18–1.2 W/kg | 60 min/day (5 days/week) during gestation and up to 6 weeks following delivery | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Koca O et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | histopathologic changes in the kidney | 1,800 MHz | 1.52 W/kg | 8 h/day speech mode, 16 h/day standby mode for 20 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波 |
Kowalczuk C et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, 組織片, cell suspensions, IMR 32 (human neuroblastoma cells), G361 (human melanoma cells), HF-19 (human fibroblasts), N2a (murine neuroblastoma cells; differentiated and non-differentiated); CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells | demodulation ability of living cells and tissues (second harmonic generation) | 880–890 MHz | 2.5–10.6 mW/g | < 10 minutes (typically, a second harmonic test took around 2-3 min.) | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Bartsch H et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | health and survival (mortality) | 900 MHz | 38–80 mW/kg | continuous (except times for feeding, cleaning, health inspection, etc.): 24 months (exp. I), 17 (exp. II), 36 (exp. III), and 37 (exp. IV) months | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sharma VP et al. | 2010 | 植物, mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i>)/Wilczek cv. ML-5 | effects on plants: germination and growth | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sharma VP et al. | 2009 | 植物, mung bean | effects on plants: root growth and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 hr, 4 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Singh HP et al. | 2012 | 植物, mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i>)/Wilczek, hypocotyls | effects on plants: root growth (rhizogenesis) and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Fasseas MK et al. | 2015 | 無脊椎動物, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/N2 (wild type), DR1572, DR26, TK22, CL4176, NL5901, RB864, CL2070 (<i>hsp-16.2</i>), CF1553 (<i>sod-3</i>), SJ4005 (<i>hsp-4</i>), LG333 (<i>skn-1</i>), LD1171 (<i>gcs-1</i>) and CL2166 (<i>gst-4</i>) | effects on fertility, neurodegeneration, short-term memory, chemotaxis, stress, apoptosis, life span and growth of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> | 1,780–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi |
Mady MM et al. | 2012 | artifical biological membranes in aqueous solutions (phospholipids; dipalmitoylphosphatidycholine (DPPC)) | structural and functional properties of liposomes | 950 MHz | - | continuous for 1 and 2 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, マイクロ波 |
Nittby H et al. | 2012 | 無脊椎動物, large garden snail (<i>Helix pomatia</i>) | pain (nociception) | 1,900 MHz | 48 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, therapeutic/medical device |
Mousavy SJ et al. | 2009 | 単離された生物学的/化学的物質, hemoglobin solution | structure and function of hemoglobin | 910–940 MHz | - | continuous for 1 h or 2 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Yoon SY et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human scalp hair follicle preparations (of three individuals), human dermal papilla cells (hDPC), NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), C2C12 cells (undifferentiated myoblasts and differentiated myotubes), HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), OSE-80PC | hair growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> | 1,763 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 h or 3 h | CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Bilgici B et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress in brain and serum | 850–950 MHz | 1.08 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for 3 weeks | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Sarapultseva EI et al. | 2011 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Spirostomum ambiguum</i> | - | 1 GHz | - | continuous for 1 min up to 11 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Hässig M et al. | 2009 | 動物, calf, 全身 | effects on eye (nuclear cataract; oxidative stress) | - | - | continuous for 1 year | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話基地局, GSM, UMTS |
Kumar NR et al. | 2011 | 無脊椎動物, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) | metabolism of honey bees | - | - | continuous for 10, 20 or 40 min | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Weber S et al. | 2008 | ホメオパシー的に希釈した(D30)サイロキシン | ホメオパシー的に作成したサイロキシンの影響 | 50 Hz–2.45 GHz | - | continuous for 100 s | 移動体通信システム, 電子レンジ/加熱装置, 2.45 GHz, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Meral I et al. | 2007 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | different blood vitamin levels, oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 h/day (11 h 45 min stand-by mode, 15 min speaking mode) on 30 days | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界 |
Lindholm H et al. | 2011 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head (right ear) | head temperature | 902.4 MHz | 0.66–4.3 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Bodera P et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | pain perception | 1,500 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波, 共ばく露 |
Sarapultseva EI et al. | 2009 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Spirostomum ambiguum</i> | spontaneous motor activity of a protozoa | 1 GHz | - | continuous for 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1h, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, 10 hr | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, 低レベルマイクロ波, ラジオ/TV送信機 |
Sharma VP et al. | 2010 | 無脊椎動物, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) | honeybee behaviour | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min. twice per day, twice per week from February to April ( 1100 hr and 1500 hr in total) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Contalbrigo L et al. | 2009 | 動物, ラット/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | 血液化学パラメータ(グルコース、トリグリセリド、総コレステロール) | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 19 hr/day - number of exposure days not given in this article | GSM, 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Tafforeau M et al. | 2002 | 植物, flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L. var Ariane) | effects on plants/number of meristems | 0.9 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Dasdag S et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino and Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa and the nose skin | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 2 h/day, 7 days/week for 10 months | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, マイクロ波, 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Kang KA et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), U87 (human glioma cells), PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Dasdag S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: head | enamel micro hardness | 890–915 MHz | 0.0369–2.023 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/d for 10 months | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Mortazavi SM et al. | 2014 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 身体の一部: head | survival rate of mice | - | 1.4 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 3 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Mortazavi SMJ et al. | 2012 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 身体の一部: head | survival rate of mice | - | 1.4 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 3 days | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, 共ばく露 |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | effects on thyroid gland | 900 MHz | 1.35 W/kg | continuous for 20 min./day on 21 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Acar GO et al. | 2009 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand albino, 身体の一部: ear | effects on facial nerves and surrounding soft tissue | 1,900 MHz | 3.72 W/kg | continuous for 25 min | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波 |
Terao Y et al. | 2007 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head (right ear) | effects on eye (cortical processing/saccade performance) | 800 MHz | 0.054 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | デジタル携帯電話, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Irlenbusch L et al. | 2007 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | effects on the visual system | 902.4 MHz | 0.003–0.007 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Okano T et al. | 2010 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head (left ear) | effects on eye (cortical processing/saccade performance) | 1.95 GHz | - | continuous for 30 min | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Cicek E et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | bone fracture | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 30 min/day, for 28 days | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波 |
Kwon MK et al. | 2012 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | - | 1,950 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | continuous for 32 min | デジタル携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Jelodar G et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | oxidative stress in the eye | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 4 h/day on 45 days | 携帯電話基地局, 移動体通信システム |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | locomotor activity, stress and anxiety related behavior, exploratory behavior, body mass | 900 MHz | 0.043–0.135 W/kg | continuous for 4 h/day on 60 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 共ばく露 |
Yamashita H et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 身体の一部: head | serum 17β-estradiol level and estrogenic activity (uterus weight) | 1,439 MHz | 0.88–6.1 W/kg | continuous for 4 hr/day on 3 consecutive days | 携帯電話, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Thorlin T et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | cell reactivity/cell damage | 906.6 MHz | 3.1–54 W/kg | continuous for 4, 8, and 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Favre D | 2011 | 無脊椎動物, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) | honeybee behavior | 900 MHz | 0.271–0.98 W/kg | continuous for 45 min - 20 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Jin YB et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | chronic illness (body and organ weights, urinalysis, haematological and blood biochemical analysis, histopathological changes) | 849 MHz–1.95 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 12 months | CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Sommer AM et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/C57BL, 全身 | developmental parameters, reproductive ability in parental animals | 2 GHz | 0.08–1.3 W/kg | continuous for 570 days with a 30 min break each night | UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Hirose H et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, BALB/3T3 cells (clone A31-1-1) | malignant/neoplastic cell transformation | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 6 weeks | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Lee KS et al. | 2008 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/<i>Oregon-R</i>, wild type, <i>Actin5C-Gal4</i>, <i>UAS-SOD1IR</i>, and <i>UAS-SOD2IR</i>, 全身 | survival rate of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 835 MHz | 1.6–4 W/kg | continuous for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Lerchl A et al. | 2008 | 動物, Djungarian hamster (<i>Phodopus sungorus</i>), 全身 | metabolic effects (body weight, melatonin levels) | 383 MHz | 80 mW/kg | continuous for 60 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TETRA/TETRAPOL, 移動体通信システム |
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