Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sannino A et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lymphocytes | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 1,950 MHz | 0.3 W/kg | continuous for 20 hours | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Scarfi MR et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus formation), cell cycle kinetic | 900 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zhijian C et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage and DNA repair | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off, for 24 hr | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 共ばく露 |
Zhijian C et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HMy2.CIR (human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage and DNA repair | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for up to 28 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波 |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage and formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Gajski G et al. | 2009 | whole blood samples | DNA damage and protective effect of honeybee venom | 915 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Moraitis N et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | DNA damage in cells | 1,966 MHz | - | continuous for 10 minutes | UMTS, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波 |
Zong C et al. | 2015 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | DNA damage in leukocytes, oxidative stress and antioxidative status in plasma, liver and lung | 900 MHz | 50 mW/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 7 days | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, 共ばく露 |
Hanci H et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身: <i>in utero</i> | DNA damage in plasma, apoptosis, histopathological changes and oxidative stress in testis | 900 MHz | - | 1 h/day from 13th to 21st day of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Aitken RJ et al. | 2005 | 動物, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, 全身 | DNA damage in spermatozoa | 900 MHz | 90 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 12 h/day for 7 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | DNA damage in the rat brain | 900 MHz | 0.5838–0.6672 mW/kg | 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 低レベルマイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Xu S et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), primary newborn rat astrocytes, human amniotic epithelial cells, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC), human skin fibroblasts | DNA damage, DNA double strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 3 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h or 24 h (5 min "on", 10 min "off") | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, PC-12 cells | DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis | 1,950 MHz | 10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Yao K et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation | 30–90 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Wang X et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Neuro-2a (mouse neuroblastoma) cells | DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Luukkonen J et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, 共ばく露 |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Luukkonen J et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, reactive oxygen species production | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h for the ROS production experiment; continuous for 3 hr for the comet assay experiment | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Hook GJ et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Molt-4 T (lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage/DNA single-strand breaks, apoptosis | 813.56 MHz | 2.4 mW/kg–3.2 W/kg | continuous for 2, 3 or 21 h | iDEN, CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Khalil AM et al. | 2011 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in serum, brain and spleen) | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | 30 min/day for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Khalil AM et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
McNamee JP et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage; formation of miconuclei | 1.9 GHz | 0.1–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, PCS, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Belyaev I et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, mesenchymal stem cells and primary cultures of human fibroblasts (VH-10) | DNA double-strand breaks and double-strand break repair (53BP1 foci formation) | 905 MHz | 37–39 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h, 2 h or 3 h | 携帯電話, GSM, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Cam ST et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ヒト, 身体の一部: right ear | DNA single-strand breaks | 900 MHz | 0.974 W/kg | continuous for 15 min or 30 min | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Diem E et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GFSH-R17 (transformed rat granulosa cells) and human diploid fibroblasts | DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 1.2–2 W/kg | continuous for 4, 16 and 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | DNA strand breaks, changes in chromatin conformation, gene expression | 915 MHz | 0.4 mW/g | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Hekmat A et al. | 2013 | DNA/RNA | DNA structure | 940 MHz | 40 mW/kg | continuous for 45 minutes | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | Hsp70 protein expression and DNA damage, learning and spatial memory | 900 MHz | 0.5835–0.6672 mW/kg | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波, 低レベルマイクロ波, W-LAN/WiFi, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HEI-OC1 cells (immortalized mouse auditory hair cells) | cell cycle, DNA damage, stress response, and gene expression | 1,763 MHz | 20 W/kg | continuous for 24 h and 48 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, CDMA |
Hussein S et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat | changes and damage in the rat brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 120 min/day for three months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Sarimov R et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromatin conformation | 895–915 MHz | 5.4 mW/kg | continuous for 30 min or 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Markova E et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromatin conformation, analysis of tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and of phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX) | 905–915 MHz | 37 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2001 | human blood samples | chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation | 835.62 MHz | 4.4–5 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, FDMA, CW 連続波 |
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, amniotic cells | chromosomal damage, chromosome aberrations | 900 MHz | 0.25–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Maes A et al. | 1997 | blood samples | chromosome aberration; single-strand breaks (comet assay) | 935.2 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM, RF電磁界, マイクロ波 |
Maes A et al. | 1995 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ヒト, 全身 | chromosome aberrations | 450–900 MHz | 1.5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話基地局 |
Manti L et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome aberrations | 1.95 GHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Maes A et al. | 2000 | blood samples | chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchan | 455.7 MHz | 6.5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Maes A et al. | 2001 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange | 900 MHz | 0.4–10 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Stronati L et al. | 2006 | blood samples | chromosome aberrations, comet assay, formation of micronuclei, sister chromatid exchange | 935 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Gadhia PK et al. | 2003 | blood samples, ヒト | chromosome damage | 890–960 MHz | - | average 1 to 3 or 3 to 5 hours per day for at least 2 years | 移動体通信システム, GSM, FDMA, TDMA |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | chromosome damage | 834 MHz | 1.23 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 8.5 h/day, throughout pregnancy | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
d'Ambrosio G et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome damage, cell proliferation | 1.748 GHz | 2.25–5.02 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | cognitive function, Hsp70 protein expression and DNA damage in the rat brain | 900 MHz | 0.5853–0.6672 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 180 days | 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Baohong W et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | comet assay | 1.8 GHz | 3 W/kg | continuous for 1.5 h or 4 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Speit G et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES-1 (human diploid fibroblasts) and V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 1, 4, 18, and 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Speit G et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1.3–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off for 24 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Valbonesi P et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | comet assay, gene and protein expression | 1,817 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
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