Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Žaja IŽ et al. | 2024 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 2,500 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 5G |
Ozlem Nisbet H et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | testicular function | 900 MHz | 0.011–3 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 90 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Geronikolou S et al. | 2014 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon R (adults and pupae), 全身 | quantity of oviposition | 864.1–868.1 MHz | 0.7–5 mW/kg | continuous for 20 min/day for 5 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, コードレス電話 |
Pandey N et al. | 2017 | 動物, mouse/swiss albino, 全身 | cell cycle and DNA damage in sperms | 902.4 MHz | 0.0054–0.0516 W/kg | 4 h/day for 35 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Forgacs Z et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, mouse Leydig cell preparation, 動物, mouse/NMRI | - | 1,800 MHz | 0.018–0.023 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, PW パルス波 |
Bakacak M et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar-Hannover albino, 身体の一部: lower abdomen | number of primordial follicles in the rat ovaries | 900 MHz | 0.018–4 W/kg | continuous for 15 minutes/day for 15 days | 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Kumar S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on testis and sperms | 1,910.5 MHz | 0.0226–1.34 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Odaci E et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | histology, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testes | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Tas M et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | sperm quality, testis histopathology and reproductive organ weights | 900 MHz | 0.0369–2.023 W/kg | continuous 3 hours/day, 7 days/week for 1 year | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Takahashi S et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Crl:CD(SD), 全身 | effects on rat dams and their offspring (teratogenicity and embryo toxicity) | 2.14 GHz | 0.04–0.16 W/kg | continuous for 20 hr/day from day 7 of gestation until weaning of F1 rats | 携帯電話, 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the testes | 900 MHz | 0.043–0.135 W/kg | continuous for 4 hours/day for 20, 40 or 60 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Imai N et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | testicular function | 1.95 GHz | 0.08–0.4 W/kg | continuous for 5 h/day, 7 days/week during 5 weeks | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Sommer AM et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/C57BL, 全身 | developmental parameters, reproductive ability in parental animals | 2 GHz | 0.08–1.3 W/kg | continuous for 570 days with a 30 min break each night | UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Meena R et al. | 2014 | 動物, ラット/ウィスター, 全身 | 精巣での酸化ストレスおよび損傷 | 2.45 GHz | 0.14 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz, 共ばく露 |
Dasdag S et al. | 1999 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | testicular function, histological changes of different organs | 890–915 MHz | 0.141 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 2 h/day for 1 month | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
De Iuliis GN et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm motility, sperm vitality, sperm density, DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species | 1.8 GHz | 0.4–27.5 W/kg | continuous for 16 hr | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Tumkaya L et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | histopathological examination of testes | 890–915 MHz | 0.48 W/kg | 1 h/day for 45 consecutive days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Dasdag S et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | testicular function and structure | 890–915 MHz | 0.52–3.13 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 20 min/day for 1 month | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Dasdag S et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 身体の一部: head | apoptosis in testes | 900 MHz | 0.57 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for 10 months | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Trosic I et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | - | 915 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Panagopoulos DJ et al. | 2010 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R | reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 900 MHz | 0.795 W/kg | continuous for 1 min., 6 min., 11 min., 16 min. or 21 min./day on 5 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Panagopoulos DJ | 2012 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R | ovarian development | 900 MHz | 0.795 W/kg | continuous for 6 min., every 10 h (first exposure 3 h after eclosion), max. for 5 times | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Panagopoulos DJ et al. | 2010 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R | reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 900 MHz | 0.89 W/kg | continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 電界, 磁界, 低周波電磁界 |
Panagopoulos DJ et al. | 2010 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R | ovarian cell death/DNA fragmentation, reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 900 MHz | 0.89 W/kg | continuous for 6 min/day on 6 days | 携帯電話, 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Panagopoulos DJ et al. | 2009 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R | ovarian cell death/DNA fragmentation, reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | 900 MHz | 0.89 W/kg | continuous for 6 min/day on 5 days | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | effects on sperms (oxidative stress, cell cycle) | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 35 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Kesari KK et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | effects on sperms (protein kinase C enzyme activity, sperm count and apoptosis) | - | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 35 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Al-Damegh MA | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | histopathological alterations in the testis, oxidative stress in blood and testis | 900–1,900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 15, 30 or 60 min/day during 14 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Kesari KK et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | fertility | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Yan JG et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 身体の一部: head | sperm motility | 1.9 GHz | 0.9–1.8 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 x 3 h/day, for 18 weeks | アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, PCS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Liu K et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | - | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 24 hours (5 min on and 10 min off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Margaritis LH et al. | 2014 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R (wildtype) and <i>Drosophila virilis</i> | reproduction of <i>Drosophila spec.</i> (apoptosis in follicles; quantification of F1 pupae) | 27.15 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | 6 or 12 minutes daily for 1 (3rd day of experiment only), or 3 days (<i>D. virilis</i>) (follicles); 6 minutes daily for 7 days (<i>D. virilis</i>) (F1 pupae) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波, ブルートゥース, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, FM 放送(UKW), 電子レンジ/加熱装置 |
Agarwal A et al. | 2009 | semen samples | different sperm parameters (e.g. motility, DNA damage, viability) | 850 MHz | 1.46 W/kg | continuous for 60 min | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zalata A et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm parameters | 850 MHz | 1.46 W/kg | continuous for 60 minutes | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Karaman MI et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | histology of rat testes | - | 1.52 W/kg | 8 hours/day in talk mode and 16 hours/day in standby mode for 20 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Celik S et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar-Kyoto, 全身 | histopathological or ultrastructural changes in the testes | 1.8 GHz | 1.58 W/kg | continuous for 3 months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Mugunthan N et al. | 2014 | 動物, mouse/albino, 全身 | testis histology and blood testosterone level | 900–1,900 MHz | 1.69 W/kg | intermittent 2 minutes every half an hour (total of 48 minutes per day) for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Falzone N et al. | 2011 | spermatozoa | sperm morphology and acrosome reaction | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Lee HJ et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | spermatogenesis | 848.5 MHz | 2 W/kg | 90 min./day (2 x 45 min. separated by a 15 min. interval) , 5 days/week for 12 weeks | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Suzuki S et al. | 2017 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | fertilization and embryogenesis; chromosome damage | 1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, W-CDMA |
Lee HJ et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | testicular function (different parameters, e.g. oxidative stress, sperm count and morphology, testes weight, protein levels, apoptotic cells) | 848.5–1,950 MHz | 2–4 W/kg | continuous 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 無線送信機 |
Falzone N et al. | 2008 | semen samples | male fertility | 900 MHz | 2–5.7 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Falzone N et al. | 2010 | human spermatozoa | pro-apoptosis events in human spermatozoa (e.g. enzyme activity of caspases, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA strand breaks and production of reactive oxygen species) | 900 MHz | 2–5.7 W/kg | continuous for 60 min. | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Nakatani-Enomoto S et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm motility and oxidative stress | 1,950 MHz | 2–6 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Shirai T et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | fertility, development, brain functions and morphology of major organs of rats | 2.14 GHz | 0.034–0.244 W/g | continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Sepehrimanesh M et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | protein expression in testes | 900 MHz | 0.19–1.22 W/g | repeated daily exposure for 1 h on 30 consecutive days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
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