Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aksoy U et al. | 2005 | protozoa/parasites, <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Entamoeba dispar</i> | growth of <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Entamoeba dispar</i> | 900 MHz | - | intermittent, 60 s/h for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Atasoy A et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | cell surface antigenic structures, cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis | 450 MHz | - | continuous for 2 hr, 6 hr or 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Babincová M et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, rat glioblastoma cells (C6) | - | 960 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, GSM, 磁界, 非EMF |
Bas O et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | neuronal development of hippocampus (number and histopathological changes of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis) | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous during gestation (19 days) | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Brescia F et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species), cell viability | 1,950 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | 5 min - 60 min or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Bucko S et al. | 2020 | 細菌, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (different strains) | - | 1–5 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, LTE, RF電磁界, W-LAN/WiFi |
Bujňáková D et al. | 2023 | 細菌 | - | 1–5 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界, W-LAN/WiFi |
Buttiglione M et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cell viability | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 5, 15, 30 min, 6 or 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Calabro E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) | 1,760 MHz | 0.086 W/kg | continuous for 2 h and 4 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Cao Y et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SHG44 cells (human glioma cells) | oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h/day on 3 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Capri M et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | mitochondrial functionality, proliferation; cell cycle progression; spontaneous/induced apoptosis | 900 MHz | 70–76 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day during 48 h or 72 h of culture | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Chen C et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, embryonic neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) | differentiation, cell growth and cell viability of neural stem cells | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 1 to 3 days (5 min field on, 10 min field off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Choi J et al. | 2020 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 1.7 GHz | - | - | LTE, 移動体通信システム |
Cleary SF et al. | 1996 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, CTLL-2 (murine cytolytic T lymphocytes) | interleukin-2-dependent proliferation of cytolytic T lymphocytes | 2.45 GHz | 5–50 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | PCS, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, PW パルス波, 2.45 GHz |
Crabtree DPE et al. | 2017 | 細菌 | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, 静磁界 |
Cranfield C et al. | 2003 | 細菌, <i>Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum</i> | cell mortality | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 16 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Czyz J et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, pluripotent R1 embryonic stem cells, wild-type D3 and p53-deficient; embryonic carcinoma cells of line P19 | gene expression, cell differentiation, cell cycle phase, and proliferation | 1.71 GHz | 0.4–16 W/kg | intermittent, 5/30 min On/Off cycles for 6 or 48 hours | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Del Vecchio G et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, primary cortical neurons (of rat) and cholinergic SN56 cell line | cell viability, cell proliferation, and cytotoxicity (cell vulnerability) | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | up to 144 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Duranti G et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) | cell proliferation, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.04–0.08 W/kg | continuous for 18 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Eberle P et al. | 1996 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | mutations in genes and chromosomes, cell proliferation | 440 MHz | - | continuous for 70, 50, or 39 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM, C-Net |
Eghlidospour M et al. | 2017 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM |
Er H et al. | 2022 | 動物 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM |
Fitzner R et al. | 1995 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human leukemia cells HL-60 | growth behaviour of leukemia cells | 900 MHz | 80 mW/kg | continuous for 24 h | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
French PW et al. | 1997 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human astrocytoma cell line U-87MG | cell proliferation, cell morphology | 864.3 MHz | 8.96 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 3 x 20 min/day (at 4-h intervals), for 7 days | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Gurisik E et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH) and monocytes cell line (U937) | gene expression, cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.2 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hirose H et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | apoptosis, cellular stress response | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 24 or 48 h | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) | cell proliferation, cell death | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, murine L929 fibroblast cells | cell proliferation and apoptosis | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | 1 h and 24 h for ODC measurement, 24 h for proliferation measurement, 1 h for caspase-3 activity measurement | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | cellular and molecular changes (e.g. DNA damage, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression) | 1,762.5 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, for 1, 2, or 3 days | デジタル携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Jin H et al. | 2021 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, 動物 | - | 1.762 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, LTE, 共ばく露 |
Kim DH et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, BEAS-2B (human bronchial epithelial cells) | wound healing capacity of human bronchial epithelial cells | 1.8 GHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for up to 65 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Kim HS et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | neurogenesis in the adult rat brain | 845.5 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks | CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Kim JH et al. | 2021 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 1,760 MHz | - | - | LTE, 移動体通信システム |
Kim TH et al. | 2008 | 動物, mouse/C57BL, 身体の一部: head | effects on the brain (cell proliferation, cell death / apoptosis, distribution of neurons and glia cells) | 849 MHz | 1.55–7.8 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or 12 months | デジタル携帯電話, PCS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar G et al. | 2015 | 単離された臓器, rat bones (femur and tibia) | - | 900 MHz | 2–12.4 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Kwee S et al. | 1998 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, 形質転換ヒト上皮羊膜細胞(AMA) | 細胞増殖 | 50 Hz | 0.021–2.1 mW/kg | continuous for 20, 30 and 40 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Lantow M et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) | cell cycle (cell cycle phase, proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis) | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 12 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Lee SS et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human adipose derived stem cells | cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation | 2.4 GHz | 240 mW/kg | continuous for 10 hours/day for 5 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi |
Li Y et al. | 2021 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Lin YY et al. | 2017 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, GSM, RF電磁界 |
Lin YY et al. | 2019 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, TM3 cells (mouse Leydig cell line) | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, GSM, マイクロ波 |
Liu ML et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, primary cortical neurons (of rat) | cell viability and cell death of neurons | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 6 x 2 h/day on 2 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Liu YX et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, U251-MG, U87-MG, T98G and A127 (human glioblastoma cell lines) | cellular parameters <i>in vitro</i> and tumorigenesis <i>in vivo</i> | 1,950 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 12 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Marjanović Čermak AM et al. | 2020 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 915 GHz | - | - | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Markkanen A et al. | 2004 | yeast in culture (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/strains KFy417 (wild type) and KFy437 (cdc48 mutant)), mutant yeast strain (carries an allel which leads to formation of apoptosis at elevated temperatures) | apoptosis and cell survival | 872 MHz | 0.4–3 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Merola P et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, LAN-5 (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell proliferation; apoptosis, cell differentiation | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 24, 48 and 72 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Mortazavi SMJ et al. | 2022 | 細菌 | - | 900 MHz–2.4 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, RF電磁界, W-LAN/WiFi, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Naarala J et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, 酵母細胞株(<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>), 哺乳類の細胞(L929、SH-SY5Y、ラット初代星状膠細胞) | オルニチンデカルボキシラーゼ活性, 細胞周期動態、細胞増殖、アポトーシス | 50 Hz | 6 W/kg | continuous for 1 to 24 h | 移動体通信システム, GSM, 50/60 Hz (AC), 送電線 |
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