Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zheng R et al. | 2023 | 動物 | - | 2,650 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 5G |
Zufry H et al. | 2023 | 動物 | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, 4G, LTE |
Islam MS et al. | 2023 | 動物 | - | 2,100 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, 4G |
El-Kafoury BMA et al. | 2023 | 動物 | - | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Khayat S et al. | 2023 | 動物 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界 |
Mohamed H et al. | 2024 | 動物 | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Zhou GQ et al. | 2024 | 動物, C57BL/6 mouse | - | 3.5 GHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 5G, PW パルス波 |
Bas O et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: head | number of pyramidal cells in the Cornu Ammonis | 900 MHz | 0.016–2 W/kg | 1 h/day for 28 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Erdem Koc G et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), 身体の一部: head of mothers | neuron number in hippocampus of offspring | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | 1 hour/day from the 1st to the 21st day of gestation | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 共ばく露 |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/Swiss albino, 全身 | number of pyramidal cells in the Cornu Ammonis | 890–915 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | 12 hr/day for 19 - 20 days (gestation period) + 20 days after birth (female offspring only) | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Arendash GW et al. | 2012 | 動物, mouse/56.25% C57, 12.5% B6, 18.75% SJL, and 12.5% Swiss-Webster | - | 918 MHz | 0.25–1.05 W/kg | 2 h/day (early morning and late afternoon) for 2 months (study I) or 12 days (study II) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, therapeutic/medical device |
Megha K et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | neurotransmitter levels and its regulation in the brain of rats | 900 MHz | 0.5835–0.5953 mW/kg | 2 hours per day, 5 days per week | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界 |
Grafstrom G et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | neuronal damage, blood-brain barrier permeability and effects on ageing process and memory | 900 MHz | 0.6–60 mW/kg | 2 hr/week for 55 weeks | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Maskey D et al. | 2013 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | immunoreactivity of calcium binding proteins in the brain | 835 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | 5 h/day for 30 consecutive days | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | hippocampus morphology, passive avoidance behaviour | 0.9–1.8 GHz | - | 50 times 45 s/h once per day for 4 weeks | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kim HS et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | neurogenesis in the adult rat brain | 845.5 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks | CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | neural structure of the hippocampus, learning and spatial memory | 900 MHz | 1.15 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for 28 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Khadrawy VA et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/albino | - | 900 MHz | 1.165 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for up to 4 months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Ikinci A et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身: <i>in utero</i> | hippocampus morphology and learning behavior in rat pups | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 1 h/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Ragbetli MC et al. | 2010 | 動物, mouse/Swiss albino, 全身 | number of Purkinje cells and granule cells in the developing cerebellum | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 hr/day - 11 hr + 45 min. in stand-by mode, 15 min. in talking mode - for 19 - 20 days druing gestation | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Hussein S et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat | changes and damage in the rat brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 120 min/day for three months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Brillaud E et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 身体の一部: head | glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) level in the brain | 900 MHz | 6 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2016 | 動物, mouse/Swiss albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.301–0.367 W/kg | continuous for 15 minutes and 30 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sonmez OF et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: head | number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum | 900 MHz | 0.016–2 W/kg | continuous for 1h/day for 28 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Carballo-Quintas M et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | clinical signs of seizure or jerks; c-fos and GFAP expression in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.78–4.47 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, PW パルス波, 共ばく露 |
Son Y et al. | 2015 | 動物, mouse/C57BL/6, 全身 | cognitive functions and hippocampal histology | 1,950 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
de Gannes FP et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 身体の一部: head | permeability of blood-brain barrier and neuron degeneration | 900 MHz | 0.14–2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hr | 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Shirai T et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | fertility, development, brain functions and morphology of major organs of rats | 2.14 GHz | 0.034–0.244 W/g | continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Crouzier D et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | effects on cholinergic system | 1.8 GHz | 0.048–0.53 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Dasdag S et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/ Wistar albino, 身体の一部: head | microRNA expression in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.0369–2.023 W/kg | continuous for 3 h/day on 7 days/week for 12 months | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Daniels WM et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | learning and memory, emotional states, corticosterone levels, and brain histology | 840 MHz | - | continuous for 3 hr/day from day 2 to day 14 after birth | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Inomata-Terada S et al. | 2007 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head (left side) | effects on motor cortex | 800 MHz | 0.054 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | デジタル携帯電話, TDMA, 移動体通信システム, TMS (経頭蓋刺激) |
Ushiyama A et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley | effects on blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability | 1.5 GHz | 0.5–10.4 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | PDC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Kouchaki E et al. | 2016 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | risk for epileptic seizures | 900–950 MHz | - | continuous for 30 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Fritze K et al. | 1997 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 身体の一部: head | degenerative processes in the brain | 890–900 MHz | 0.17–17.5 W/kg | continuous for 4 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Saikhedkar N et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | structure and function of the rat brain and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.99 W/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 15 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Akbari A et al. | 2014 | 動物, ラット/SD, 全身 | ラットの脳での酸化ストレス | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 4 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話基地局, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Zhu Y et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, rat cortical neuronal cells, 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 共ばく露 |
Barcal J et al. | 2007 | 動物, mouse/Lurcher mutant and wild type, 全身 | brain cortical and hippocampal activity | 880–890 MHz | - | continuous for 40 min | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Finnie JW et al. | 2010 | 動物, mouse, 全身 | microglia activation | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | continuous for 60 min | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Maskey D et al. | 2012 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | - | 835 MHz | 1.6–4 W/kg | continuous for 8 h/day during 1 month | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Maskey D et al. | 2014 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor in the central auditory system of mice | 835 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | continuous for 8 h/day for 3 months | 携帯電話, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 1.58 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h/day for 28 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Odaci E et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | spinal cord morphology and motor activity in young rats | 900 MHz | - | intermittent for 1 hour/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Mugunthan N et al. | 2016 | 動物, mouse/albino, 全身 | hippocampus histology | 900–1,800 MHz | 1.69 W/kg | intermittent for 2 minutes every 30 minutes over 12 hours per day (total of 48 minutes per day) for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Augner C et al. | 2009 | ヒト, 全身 | psychological symptoms and health concerns | 900 MHz | - | intermittent, 5 x 50 min, with 5-min breaks | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
de Seze R et al. | 1998 | ヒト, 身体の一部: ear | serum hormone concentrations, anterior pituitary function | 890–900 MHz | - | repeated daily exposure for 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Kim TH et al. | 2008 | 動物, mouse/C57BL, 身体の一部: head | effects on the brain (cell proliferation, cell death / apoptosis, distribution of neurons and glia cells) | 849 MHz | 1.55–7.8 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or 12 months | デジタル携帯電話, PCS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Anane R et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Lewis, 身体の一部: head | experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) crisis | 900 MHz | 1.5–6 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day for 21 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Kumlin T et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | brain development | 900 MHz | 0.3–3 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 5 weeks | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
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