Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lu YS et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | oxidative stress: reactive oxygen species formation, apoptosis and DNA damage | 900 MHz | 0.43 W/kg | continuous for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h or 8 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Avci B et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in blood and brain | 1,750–1,850 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day during 3 weeks | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Koyu A et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | oxidative stress induced liver damage (hepato-toxicity) | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 1 h/day for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF |
Bilgici B et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress in brain and serum | 850–950 MHz | 1.08 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for 3 weeks | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Cig B et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) | apoptosis, cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species | 900 MHz | 0.18–0.58 mW/kg | continuous for 1 hour | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Nakatani-Enomoto S et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm motility and oxidative stress | 1,950 MHz | 2–6 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour | 携帯電話, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Hanci H et al. | 2015 | 動物, ラット/SD, 全身 | 脾臓および胸腺での酸化ストレスおよび組織学 | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day between days 13 and 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Odaci E et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | histology, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testes | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Ragy MM | 2015 | 動物, ラット/SDアルビノ, 全身 | 脳、肝臓、腎臓での酸化ストレスおよび血液パラメータ | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 1 hour/day for 60 days | 移動体通信システム |
Turedi S et al. | 2015 | 動物, ラット/SD, 全身 | 心臓の酸化ストレスおよび組織学 | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Miyakoshi J et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MO54 cells (derived from a human malignant glioma) | activation of stress response genes | 1,950 MHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 2 h | 移動体通信システム |
Hoyto A et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) | cell proliferation, cell death | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Moustafa YM et al. | 2001 | ヒト, 身体の一部: cellular phone was placed in the pocket | oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 1, 2 and 4 h | GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Roux D et al. | 2006 | 植物, tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> Mill.)/VFN8, 全身 | stress response of tomato | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 10 min | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Vian A et al. | 2006 | 植物, tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> Mill.)/VFN8, 全身 | stress response of tomato | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 10 min | 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Ozgur E et al. | 2010 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in the liver | 1,800 MHz | 0.38 W/kg | continuous for 10 min./day on 7 days or 20 min./day on 7 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Zeni O et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, murine L929 cells | formation of reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress) | 900 MHz | 0.3–1 W/kg | continuous for 10 or 30 min | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Marjanovic AM et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | continuous for 10, 30 and 60 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Meral I et al. | 2007 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | different blood vitamin levels, oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 h/day (11 h 45 min stand-by mode, 15 min speaking mode) on 30 days | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF |
Hussein S et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat | changes and damage in the rat brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 120 min/day for three months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kismali G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | blood chemistry, oxidative stress: lipid persoxidation | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day during 7 days (day 15 to day 22 of gestation) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, PW パルス波 |
Tomruk A et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | oxidative stress induced liver damage (hepato-toxicity: DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde level) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身 | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2016 | 動物, mouse/Swiss albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.301–0.367 W/kg | continuous for 15 minutes and 30 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Bodera P et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | lipid peroxidation in brain, blood, liver and kidney | 1,800 MHz | 0.024–0.028 W/kg | continuous for 15 minutes/day for 5 days | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Al-Damegh MA | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | histopathological alterations in the testis, oxidative stress in blood and testis | 900–1,900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 15, 30 or 60 min/day during 14 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
De Iuliis GN et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm motility, sperm vitality, sperm density, DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species | 1.8 GHz | 0.4–27.5 W/kg | continuous for 16 hr | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Stagg RB et al. | 2001 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 身体の一部: head | stress response | 1.6 GHz | 0.6–5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, IRIDIUM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Sanchez S et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/hairless, 身体の一部: right part of the back | Heat shock protein expression | 900 MHz | 2.4–5.8 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Khalil AM et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hong MN et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MCF10 A cells (human breast epithelial cells) | oxidative stress | 837 MHz | 2–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Khirazova EE et al. | 2012 | 動物, white rat, 全身 | behavior in open field test, antioxidant defense system | 905 MHz | 1.67 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Calabro E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) | 1,760 MHz | 0.086 W/kg | continuous for 2 h and 4 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Cao H et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | circadian concentration of melatonin, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in blood | 1.8 GHz | 0.05653 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 32 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Meena R et al. | 2014 | 動物, ラット/ウィスター, 全身 | 精巣での酸化ストレスおよび損傷 | 2.45 GHz | 0.14 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz, 共ばく露 |
Cao Y et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SHG44 cells (human glioma cells) | oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h/day on 3 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Kesari KK et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress and metabolism in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, FDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Dasdag S et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino | - | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h/day, 7 days/week for 10 months | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Tkalec M et al. | 2013 | 無脊椎動物, earthworm (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>), 全身 | genotoxicity, oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.13–9.33 mW/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kang KA et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), U87 (human glioma cells), PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Kazemi E et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human peripheral blood | reactive oxygen species in monocytes and lymphocytes | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Lee JS et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HT22 (mouse hippocampus neuronal cells) | cytotoxicity | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Kumari K et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | effects on liver: oxidative stress and liver values | 900 MHz | 0.15 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 35 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on testis and sperms | 1,910.5 MHz | 0.0226–1.34 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Dasdag S et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: head | apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.17–0.58 W/kg | continuous for 2 hr/day, 7 days/week for 10 months | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, マイクロ波 |
Hirose H et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | cellular stress response (Hsp27 (heat-shock protein 27) content and hsp27 phosphorylation) | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 2, 24, or 48 h for A172 cells | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Dawe AS et al. | 2008 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>/PC72 (transgenic, with reporter gene construct encoding beta-galactosidase under control of <i>hsp16</i> heat shock promotor), 全身 | expression of heat shock protein | 1.8 GHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 2.5 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
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