Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pesnya DS et al. | 2013 | 植物, <i>Allium ceps</i> (bulbs) | - | 890–915 MHz | 1.4 W/kg | continuous for 3 h/day on 3 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
El-Abd SF et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lymphocytes | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | micronucleus formation | 1,950 MHz | 0.15–1.25 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Hintzsche H et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) and human-hamster hybrid (A<sub>L</sub>) cells | genomic damage and mitotic disturbances | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 30 min (both cell types) or 22 h (A<sub>L</sub> cells only) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Jiang B et al. | 2012 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | DNA damage (alkali labile sites and DNA single-strand breaks) | 900 MHz | 548 mW/kg | continuous for 4 hours/day for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 無線送信機, 共ばく露 |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, PC-12 cells | DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis | 1,950 MHz | 10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Cam ST et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ヒト, 身体の一部: right ear | DNA single-strand breaks | 900 MHz | 0.974 W/kg | continuous for 15 min or 30 min | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Khalil AM et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身 | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Karaca E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes | 10.715 GHz | 0.725 W/kg | continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, マイクロ波 |
Trosic I et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage | 915 MHz | - | 1 hour/day, 7 days/week for 2 weeks | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Khalil AM et al. | 2011 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in serum, brain and spleen) | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | 30 min/day for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human peripheral blood lymphocytes | mutation rate, cell viability and cell morphology of human peripheral blood lymphocytes | 1.8 GHz | 0.21 W/kg | continuous for 6, 8, 12 and 48 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, PW パルス波, 共ばく露 |
Sannino A et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 900 MHz | 1.25–10 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, amniotic cells | genomic instability (aneuploidy) | 900 MHz | 4–32 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Schrader T et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, FC2 cells (human-hamster hybrid (AL)) cells | spindle disturbance | 900 MHz | 10.7–17.2 mW/kg | continuous for 0.5 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 電界, 磁界 |
Perrin A et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) | DNA damage (comet assay and gamma-H2AX assay) | 1,800 MHz | 2–16 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波, 共ばく露 |
Bourthoumieu S et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, amniotic cells | chromosomal damage, chromosome aberrations | 900 MHz | 0.25–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Gurbuz N et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | micronucleus formation | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 20 min./day, 5 days/week during 1 month | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Yildirim MS et al. | 2010 | ヒト, 全身 | micronucleus formation and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes | - | - | - | 携帯電話基地局, 移動体通信システム, 低レベルマイクロ波, 抽出不可能な |
Luukkonen J et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, reactive oxygen species production | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h for the ROS production experiment; continuous for 3 hr for the comet assay experiment | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Belyaev I et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, mesenchymal stem cells and primary cultures of human fibroblasts (VH-10) | DNA double-strand breaks and double-strand break repair (53BP1 foci formation) | 905 MHz | 37–39 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h, 2 h or 3 h | 携帯電話, GSM, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Hintzsche H et al. | 2010 | ヒト | frequency of micronuclei | - | - | up to 15 hr/week for up to 10 years and more | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 抽出不可能な |
Xu S et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | oxidative DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off - for 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波 |
Zhijian C et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HMy2.CIR (human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage and DNA repair | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for up to 28 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波 |
Franzellitti S et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | DNA damage | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on / 10 min off - for 4 hr, 16 hr or 24 hr | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, AM 振幅変調, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Hansteen IL et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (chromosome aberrations) | 2.3 GHz | - | one cell cycle | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波, 共ばく露 |
Gajski G et al. | 2009 | whole blood samples | DNA damage and protective effect of honeybee venom | 915 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
De Iuliis GN et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm motility, sperm vitality, sperm density, DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species | 1.8 GHz | 0.4–27.5 W/kg | continuous for 16 hr | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Zhijian C et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage and DNA repair | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off, for 24 hr | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 共ばく露 |
Sannino A et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 1 h or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 共ばく露 |
Sannino A et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 900 MHz | 1.25–10 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Ziemann C et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/B6C3F1/CrlBR, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 902 MHz | 0.14–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/weeks for 2 years (see also add. information for exp. setup) | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Luukkonen J et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, 共ばく露 |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | genotoxic effects and stress response | 905–915 MHz | 37–40 mW/kg | 1 h | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, UMTS |
Tiwari R et al. | 2008 | blood samples | DNA damage | 835 MHz | 1.17 W/kg | continuous for 1 h and 2 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, CDMA |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HEI-OC1 cells (immortalized mouse auditory hair cells) | cell cycle, DNA damage, stress response, and gene expression | 1,763 MHz | 20 W/kg | continuous for 24 h and 48 h | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, CDMA |
Yao K et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation | 30–90 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Manti L et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromosome aberrations | 1.95 GHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Valbonesi P et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | comet assay, gene and protein expression | 1,817 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Schwarz C et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES-1, IH-9, HW-2 (human diploid fibroblasts) and lymphocytes | formation of micronuclei | 1,950 MHz | 0.05–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Yadav AS et al. | 2008 | ヒト | nuclear anomalies | - | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, 抽出不可能な |
Zeni O et al. | 2008 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | formation of micronucleus during different cell cycle stages | 1,950 MHz | 2.2 W/kg | intermittent, 6 min on/2 h off, for 24, 44, or 24 + 44 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Syldona M | 2007 | DNA/RNA | DNA conformation | - | - | 5 min | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Juutilainen J et al. | 2007 | 動物, mouse/CBA/S and transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 849 MHz | 0.35–1.5 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks | アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, NMT, D-AMPS, 移動体通信システム |
Baohong W et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | comet assay | 1.8 GHz | 3 W/kg | continuous for 1.5 h or 4 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Speit G et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES-1 (human diploid fibroblasts) and V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 1, 4, 18, and 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
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