Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al-Damegh MA | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | histopathological alterations in the testis, oxidative stress in blood and testis | 900–1,900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 15, 30 or 60 min/day during 14 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Stagg RB et al. | 2001 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 身体の一部: head | stress response | 1.6 GHz | 0.6–5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, IRIDIUM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Brescia F et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species), cell viability | 1,950 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | 5 min - 60 min or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Chauhan V et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, TK6 cells (lymphoblastoma cells) | cellular stress response | 1.9 GHz | 1–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 6 h | デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Koyu A et al. | 2005 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | oxidative stress-induced liver impairment | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Hong MN et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MCF10 A cells (human breast epithelial cells) | oxidative stress | 837 MHz | 2–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Kang KA et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), U87 (human glioma cells), PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells), SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Lee JS et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HT22 (mouse hippocampus neuronal cells) | cytotoxicity | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Kesari KK et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress and metabolism in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, FDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Gläser K et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | 900–2,535 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, UMTS, LTE, 移動体通信システム |
Sharma VP et al. | 2009 | 植物, mung bean | effects on plants: root growth and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 hr, 4 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Singh HP et al. | 2012 | 植物, mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i>)/Wilczek, hypocotyls | effects on plants: root growth (rhizogenesis) and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Aydin B et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma | 900 MHz | 0.28–0.78 W/kg | continuous for 2h/day on 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Khalil AM et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Calabro E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) | 1,760 MHz | 0.086 W/kg | continuous for 2 h and 4 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Lu YS et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | oxidative stress: reactive oxygen species formation, apoptosis and DNA damage | 900 MHz | 0.43 W/kg | continuous for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h or 8 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ozgur E et al. | 2013 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身: prenatal and/or postnatal | blood parameters, lipid peroxidation | 1,800 MHz | - | 15 min/day for 7 days in pregnant animals (between 15th and 22nd day of gestation), for 7 days in female infants and for 14 days in male infants | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress, proliferation and apoptosis in thymocytes, genotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.043–0.135 W/g | continuous for 4 hours/day on 20, 40 or 60 consecutive days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Bodera P et al. | 2013 | - | - | - | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Abu Khadra KM et al. | 2015 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | antioxidative parameters in the saliva | 1,800 MHz | 1.09 W/kg | continuous for 30 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Motawi TK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino | - | 900 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Liu K et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | - | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent for 24 hours (5 min on and 10 min off) | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Marjanovic AM et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | cell viability, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | continuous for 10, 30 and 60 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Narayanan SN et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 1.58 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h/day for 28 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ozgur E et al. | 2015 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | - | 900 MHz | 0.38 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zuo WQ et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, spiral ganglion neurons of rat | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2016 | 動物, mouse/Swiss albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.301–0.367 W/kg | continuous for 15 minutes and 30 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Nirwane A et al. | 2016 | 動物, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>, AB wild type strain), 全身 | behavior of zebrafish and oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 1.34 W/kg | for 1 hour/day for 14 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Stefi AL et al. | 2019 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | - | - | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ozgur E et al. | 2010 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in the liver | 1,800 MHz | 0.38 W/kg | continuous for 10 min./day on 7 days or 20 min./day on 7 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Kazemi E et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human peripheral blood | reactive oxygen species in monocytes and lymphocytes | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Fasseas MK et al. | 2015 | 無脊椎動物, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/N2 (wild type), DR1572, DR26, TK22, CL4176, NL5901, RB864, CL2070 (<i>hsp-16.2</i>), CF1553 (<i>sod-3</i>), SJ4005 (<i>hsp-4</i>), LG333 (<i>skn-1</i>), LD1171 (<i>gcs-1</i>) and CL2166 (<i>gst-4</i>) | effects on fertility, neurodegeneration, short-term memory, chemotaxis, stress, apoptosis, life span and growth of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> | 1,780–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi |
Burlaka A et al. | 2013 | 動物, Japanese quail, 全身: embryo <i>in ovo</i> | oxidative stress in quail embryos | 900 MHz | 3 µW/kg | intermittent for 158 h: 48 sec "on" (speech mode), 12 sec "off" | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Luukkonen J et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, reactive oxygen species production | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h for the ROS production experiment; continuous for 3 hr for the comet assay experiment | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, PW パルス波 |
Xu S et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | oxidative DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off - for 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波 |
Mortazavi SMJ et al. | 2017 | 動物 | - | 915 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 共ばく露 |
Cig B et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) | apoptosis, cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species | 900 MHz | 0.18–0.58 mW/kg | continuous for 1 hour | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Yuksel M et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900–2,450 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Kumari K et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | effects on liver: oxidative stress and liver values | 900 MHz | 0.15 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 35 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Avci B et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in blood and brain | 1,750–1,850 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day during 3 weeks | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Kahya MC et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cell line) | - | 900 MHz | 0.36 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Wang X et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Neuro-2a (mouse neuroblastoma) cells | DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the testes | 900 MHz | 0.043–0.135 W/kg | continuous for 4 hours/day for 20, 40 or 60 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Shehu A et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Tsybulin O et al. | 2016 | embryo homogenates, bovine erythrocyte solution, 動物, Japanese quail embryos, 全身 | oxidative stress in Japanese quail embryos and involved enzymes <i>in vitro</i> | 900 MHz | 0.17 mW/kg | intermittent (48 s (c?) on/12 s off) for 158 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Ghoneim FM et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/albino, 全身 | histology and oxidative stress of the parotid glands | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | 4 hours/day for 30 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Aydogan F et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/ Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on parotid gland of rats | 2,100 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | continuous for 6 h/d on 5 d/week for 10 days | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
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