Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Özgüner F et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | oxidative stress-induced retinal impairment | 900 MHz | 0.016–4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 30 min/day for 60 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Özgüner F et al. | 2005 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | oxidative stress-induced heart impairment | 900 MHz | 0.016–4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day for 10 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Koylu H et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 身体の一部: head | oxidative damage/lipid peroxidation in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.016–4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 2 weeks | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Oral B et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) in the endometrium | 900 MHz | 0.016–4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Guney M et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.016–4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Guler G et al. | 2016 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | - | 1,800 MHz | 18 mW/kg | - | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on testis and sperms | 1,910.5 MHz | 0.0226–1.34 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Bodera P et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | lipid peroxidation in brain, blood, liver and kidney | 1,800 MHz | 0.024–0.028 W/kg | continuous for 15 minutes/day for 5 days | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Turedi S et al. | 2015 | 動物, ラット/SD, 全身 | 心臓の酸化ストレスおよび組織学 | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Odaci E et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | histology, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testes | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Hanci H et al. | 2015 | 動物, ラット/SD, 全身 | 脾臓および胸腺での酸化ストレスおよび組織学 | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day between days 13 and 21 of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Markova E et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromatin conformation, analysis of tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and of phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX) | 905–915 MHz | 37 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | genotoxic effects and stress response | 905–915 MHz | 37–40 mW/kg | 1 h | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, UMTS |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the testes | 900 MHz | 0.043–0.135 W/kg | continuous for 4 hours/day for 20, 40 or 60 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Zong C et al. | 2015 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | DNA damage in leukocytes, oxidative stress and antioxidative status in plasma, liver and lung | 900 MHz | 50 mW/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 7 days | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, 共ばく露 |
Maaroufi K et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Long-Evans, 全身 | level of dopamine and serotonin, oxidative stress in brain, spatial learning and memory | 900 MHz | 0.05–0.18 W/kg | 1 hour per day for 21 consecutive days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Cao H et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | circadian concentration of melatonin, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in blood | 1.8 GHz | 0.05653 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 32 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Hirose H et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | apoptosis, cellular stress response | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 24 or 48 h | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Hirose H et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | cellular stress response (Hsp27 (heat-shock protein 27) content and hsp27 phosphorylation) | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 2, 24, or 48 h for A172 cells | 携帯電話基地局, CDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Calabro E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) | 1,760 MHz | 0.086 W/kg | continuous for 2 h and 4 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sefidbakht Y et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HEK 293T cells (human embryonic kidney cells) transfected with luciferase gene | luciferase enzyme activity and oxidative stress | 940 MHz | 0.09 W/kg | continuous for up to 90 minutes | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Sokolovic D et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.135 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 4 h/day, for 20, 40, and 60 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Meena R et al. | 2014 | 動物, ラット/ウィスター, 全身 | 精巣での酸化ストレスおよび損傷 | 2.45 GHz | 0.14 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz, 共ばく露 |
Kumari K et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | effects on liver: oxidative stress and liver values | 900 MHz | 0.15 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 35 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Dasdag S et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: head | apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.17–0.58 W/kg | continuous for 2 hr/day, 7 days/week for 10 months | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM, マイクロ波 |
Ozorak A et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | oxidative stress (kidney and testis) and level of trace elements (kidney) | 900 MHz | 0.18–1.2 W/kg | 60 min/day (5 days/week) during gestation and up to 6 weeks following delivery | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Elhag MA et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat, 全身 | antioxidant capacity of the blood | 900 MHz | 0.25 W/kg | 15 min/day for 4 days | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Ilhan A et al. | 2004 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 身体の一部: head | oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.25–2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day for 7 days | アナログ携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Aydin B et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma | 900 MHz | 0.28–0.78 W/kg | continuous for 2h/day on 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zeni O et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, murine L929 cells | formation of reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress) | 900 MHz | 0.3–1 W/kg | continuous for 10 or 30 min | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Esmekaya MA et al. | 2016 | 動物, mouse/Swiss albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.301–0.367 W/kg | continuous for 15 minutes and 30 minutes | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kahya MC et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cell line) | - | 900 MHz | 0.36 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Ozgur E et al. | 2010 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in the liver | 1,800 MHz | 0.38 W/kg | continuous for 10 min./day on 7 days or 20 min./day on 7 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Ozgur E et al. | 2015 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | - | 900 MHz | 0.38 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Lee JS et al. | 2005 | 動物, mouse/<i>hsp</i>70.1-deficient (<i>hsp</i>70.1 -/-) and wild type (<i>hsp</i>70.1 +/+), 全身 | stress response (expression of heat shock proteins) | 849 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | twice daily for 45 min with a 15 min interval, 5 days a week for 4, 8 and 10 weeks | CDMA, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Avci B et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in blood and brain | 1,750–1,850 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day during 3 weeks | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Aydogan F et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/ Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on parotid gland of rats | 2,100 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | continuous for 6 h/d on 5 d/week for 10 days | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Sahin D et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative DNA damage in the brain | 2,100 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Lim HB et al. | 2005 | blood samples | activation of stress response genes | 900 MHz | 0.4–3.6 W/kg | continuous for 4 hours | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
De Iuliis GN et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human spermatozoa | sperm motility, sperm vitality, sperm density, DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species | 1.8 GHz | 0.4–27.5 W/kg | continuous for 16 hr | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Lu YS et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | oxidative stress: reactive oxygen species formation, apoptosis and DNA damage | 900 MHz | 0.43 W/kg | continuous for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h or 8 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Demirel S et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress in eye tissue and serum | 1.9–2.2 GHz | 0.5 W/kg | continuous for 40 min/day from the 2nd to the 21st day | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Lantow M et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Mono Mac 6 (human monocytes) and K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line) | stress response (production of free radicals and expression of heat shock proteins) | 1,800 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 45 min | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Brescia F et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species), cell viability | 1,950 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | 5 min - 60 min or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Wang X et al. | 2015 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Neuro-2a (mouse neuroblastoma) cells | DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Hidisoglu E et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 身体の一部: head | visual evoked potentials and oxidative stress in the brain | 2,100 MHz | 0.57–0.95 W/kg | - | GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Goswami PC et al. | 1999 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | stress response (proto-oncogene expression and DNA-binding activity of transcription factors) | 835.62 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 24 h or 4 days | 移動体通信システム, CDMA |
Hussein S et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat | changes and damage in the rat brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 120 min/day for three months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Stagg RB et al. | 2001 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 身体の一部: head | stress response | 1.6 GHz | 0.6–5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, IRIDIUM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
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